چکیده:
Elegy and lamentation are the poetic and literary reflections of poets on the complexities of death; a death that is not only the end of life but also expresses a hidden dimension in the journey of human perfection. In Persian narrative poems, poets have attempted to re-examine death, explain the role of humans in its face, and define their own agency. In epic literature, since the death of heroes mostly occurs on the battlefield, it takes on a heroic and moralizing character, and the hero has no choice before death except to surrender; thus, he shows that he has accepted death with open arms. For this reason, descriptions and eloquence in mourning scenes are contingent upon the pride and freedom of the epic hero, and it is through such methods that Ferdowsi opens a new chapter in narrative elegies within his laments. In narrative verse literature, death has acquired different forms and appearances from its epic shape. In other words, although the concept and concern of death in all types of Persian literature refer to common ancient foundations, they have found different paths and rituals in their artistic manifestations. Among them, Nizami was one of the most prominent poets in this field, and the visual and thematic commonalities in the laments of poets after him speak to this stylistic attention to Nizami. In general, it can be said that Ferdowsi and Nizami opened a special style in Persian narrative elegy composition. The present article is an attempt to show the artistic and stylistic dimensions of narrative elegies in Persian poetry.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In other words, although the concept and concern of death in all types of Persian literature refer to common ancient and long-standing foundations, it has found different paths and rituals in its artistic manifestations.
Nasrollah Emami, in the book "Elegy Composition in Persian Literature," defines elegy as follows: "Elegy and lamentation are applied to poems composed in mourning for the deceased, offering condolences to relatives and friends, expressing regret and pain over the death of sultans, dignitaries, nobles, and tribal leaders, mentioning the calamities of religious leaders and the Imams (AS), especially Hazrat Sayyid al-Shuhada (AS) and the martyrs of Karbala (AS), enumerating virtues, merits, and noble qualities, glorifying the status and position of the deceased, magnifying the event and the calamity, and inviting the mourners to patience and tranquility, among other similar meanings.
Since an elegy arises from a broken heart and a sorrowful soul and is a simple and emotional narration of the poet's inner and real feelings, it is among the most beautiful and enduring poems of Persian literature.
From the beginning of the emergence of Persian poetry until the eighth century AH, the dominant type of mourning song in terms of typology was epic or celebratory mourning songs, which were composed in forms such as qasida, qit'ah, tarjī' band, tarkib band...
"This type of mourning song is among the most emotional and poignant elegies that the poet composes without any expectation.
22) 9-1-Mourning songs in terms of meter and form A composer of narrative elegies, like other poets, must consider a proportion between the theme of the poem and the content of what they compose.
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