چکیده:
The existence of the element of narration in literature, religion, philosophy, memoirs, etc., caused the necessity for the formation of a new field under the title of 'Narratology'. The category of perspective (Point Of View), as the most important aspect of narrative structure, is the central element of many literary theories, including the theory of Gerard Genette. Through focalization—asking 'who narrates?' and 'from whose point of view is the story told?'—it allows the reader to gain recognition when facing the text. Maulana's Masnavi is among the valuable works of Persian literature, in which the poet utilizes the element of narration to achieve his sublime goal: education. The selection of an appropriate narrative focalization is one of Maulana's techniques and stylistic features in storytelling, the diversity of which causes the dynamism and pleasure of the narration and distinguishes Maulana's style of expression. In this article, after explaining Gerard Genette's theory, the authors examine the category of perspective in the story of the King and the Maidservant and Maulana's techniques in this regard.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In this article, after explaining Gerard Genette's theory, the authors examine the concept of perspective in the story of the King and the Handmaid and Rumi's techniques in this regard.
Narration, Perspective, The Tale of the King and the Handmaid, Focalization, Style, Masnavi, Rumi 1 - Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, University of Mazandaran alashtya@yahoo.
It is as if the narrator (Rumi) remains hidden behind the character of the story (the King): (Refer to the page image) and narrates the story through his tongue (internal focalization – homogeneous representation); a direct quotation that gives way to indirect quotation in verses 46 and 47.
(1/95-100) And Rumi, regarding the King bringing the Divine Physician to the bedside of the handmaid for her treatment, says: (Zero center - heterogeneous representation) (Scheme A): When that assembly and table of generosity passed, he took her hand and brought her into the sanctuary.
(1/175) Then the story continues with Rumi's narration (Zero center - heterogeneous representation) (Scheme A): After that, he rose and made up his mind, and informed the king of that hint.
In this case, the story is usually accompanied by direct and sometimes indirect speech; in this situation, although the story is told from the character's perspective (internal center - homogeneous representation), it is Rumi on a higher level who is the true narrator of the story (zero center - heterogeneous representation).
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