چکیده:
According to formalist theory, the artist (poet) actually performs 'defamiliarization' by breaking the normal structure of language. Defamiliarization manifests in two forms: one is norm-deviation (rule reduction) and the other is 'rule-addition'. Norm-deviation has several types, one of the most important being 'semantic norm-deviation', which includes 'simile and metaphor' used in Saadi's ghazals. Despite this, the question arises whether the use of simile and metaphor is significant enough to be considered part of the stylistic coordinates of Saadi's ghazal or not? In the text of the article, we will demonstrate that in Saadi's ghazals, within the realm of semantic norm-deviation, simile and metaphor are among the most frequently used rhetorical devices, and we will reveal their aesthetic function and the poet's specific techniques in how he utilizes simile and metaphor.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In the text of the article, we will show that in Saadi's ghazals, within the domain of semantic norm deviation, simile and metaphor are among the most frequently used figures of speech, and we will reveal their aesthetic function and the poet's specific techniques in utilizing simile and metaphor.
However, in expressing the secrets his own heart, is different from all the ghazal poets of the expanse of Persian literature and has a unique style, in the sense that he, by using semantic norm deviation, creates knots in his eloquent and sweet language, knots that the reader seeks to untie with full desire.
Research Method Our method at first was to study all of Saadi's ghazals according to the theory of Formalists, through which we revealed, to a certain statistical extent, the poet's norm-breaking in the linguistic and literary domains that caused prominence and defamiliarization, analyzed them, and enumerated their artistic and aesthetic values.
, under the following examples of eloquent similes in Saadi's ghazal, many of which are novel and original and whose subject is love, we list: When the poet claims in the following verse that love is like fire and swallows everyone into its maw without selection, he actually performs defamiliarization through norm deviation.
It is evident that in this type of norm deviation by the poet, understanding the point of resemblance is easy: in understanding and perceiving material and tangible concepts, the reader's mind does not struggle much and does not exert excessive effort; for this reason, Saadi, among the types various types of eloquent simile, makes less use of this type of simile.
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