چکیده:
Secretaries, who were considered the rulers of the field of calligraphy and composition, while providing practical examples of their preferred calligraphy in the form of classifications and compositions, also produced works on teaching the methods of correspondence and composition. Among these, one can mention 'Zinat al-Kuttab' attributed to Bayhaqi, the famous scribe of the Ghaznavids, 'Dustur al-Dabiri' by Mihani, and 'Dustur al-Katib fi Ta'yin al-Maratib' by Hindushah Nakhjavani. Among other writings in this field is the book 'Jalaliyah fi Ilm al-Mukatabah' written by Mohammad ibn Namus Khwari, one of the secretaries of the late 7th and the first half of the 8th century AH, of which three manuscripts have been obtained. The book 'Jalaliyah fi Ilm al-Mukatabah' by Mohammad ibn Ali Namus Khwari consists of two parts: theoretical and practical treatises. In the first part, the author's theoretical discussions are presented along with examples of customs and beliefs in the field of composition and calligraphy, and in the second part, various types of letters, including fraternal correspondence, proverbs, and introductory letters, are provided. In the present article, the authors aim to, while introducing the work of Mohammad Khwari, address the author's views in the field of composition and calligraphy as well as his stylistic characteristics.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Among other works written for teaching calligraphy is the book "Jalaliyah fi Ilm al-Mukatabah" by Muhammad ibn Ali Namus Khuwari, one of the secretaries of the Ilkhanid court, which was composed in Persian in the early 8th century in two parts: theoretical and practical correspondence.
" The author, at the end of his discussion regarding the codification of literary sciences in the sixth and seventh centuries, has stated: "During this same period, Ibn Hindushah (Muhammad ibn Hindushah ibn Sanjar Nakhjavani), known as Shams al-Munshi, wrote a useful book titled 'Dastur al-Katib fi Ta'yin al-Maratib' about the art of writing correspondence, and another man of letters named Muhammad ibn Ali Khwarazmi has a useful book titled 'Jalaliyah fi Ilm al-Mukatabah'.
e. , "speech," refers to branches of the science of Ma'ani (semantics) that, according to the author, are necessary for the matter of correspondence, including: providing various definitions of rhetoric (Balagha), eloquence (Fasahat), types of sentences, rhetorical purposes of sentences, and the contexts of brevity (Ijaz) and prolixity (Itnab).
Special Words and Vocabulary Given that the subject of the present text is the science of calligraphy and correspondence, and in its various sections it deals with eloquence, calligraphy, and the scribe, its specific vocabulary is as follows: treatise, address, greeting, salutation, prayer, letter, honor, calligraphy, eloquence, rhetoric, registers, pen, paper, eloquence, speech, conciseness, verbosity, written, correspondence, addressing, messenger, sender, mail, script, example, envoy.
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