Word formation patterns of compound words in Shahnameh مقاله

خلاصه ماشینی:

In the list of compound words in the Shahnameh, we see different forms that can be categorized into the following groups: Two coordinate or balanced nouns next to each other without a specific relationship: gavmish (13 cases); shotormorgh (one case). These words, when placed together, serve an emphatic role and are called bidirectional compounds, such as shah Keykhosrow (4 cases), where, in the inverted form (Keykhosrowshah), both nouns also appear next to each other without a connecting element. Noun + gerund: Sarzanesh (22 cases), the only word with this structure in the Shahnameh which, at the same time, is a derivative compound meaning "striking someone on the head, reprimanding, and gloating," with an omitted preposition. Vague adjective + noun: Only two words exist in the Shahnameh with this structure: digarsaray (10 cases); harkareh (3 cases), the name of a type of "stone pot," in which, besides the vague adjective and the noun, the derivational suffix "-eh" has also been added. Noun + gerund noun: nikidehsh (41 cases) is the only example with this structural pattern, meaning "giver of goodness", which is a compound-derivative. Active participle (agentive) + noun: compound words with this structure are adjectives formed by removing the ezafe: bakhshande-ganj (one case); tabande-jan (one case); girande-shahr (3 cases). Adverb + adjective substituting for a noun: pur-gonahkar (one case), the only word with this structural pattern; the adjective means a place full of sinners. Adjective + present participle of active participle: with this structural pattern, only the word zende-kon (one case) appears in the Shahnameh.