Karl Marx and the First International مقاله

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Additionally, non-communist socialists formed the "Socialist International," which became a relatively large organization in 1951, but it only represented socialist parties and not working-class assemblies. 3 The idea of solidarity among the laboring classes dates back to the time of the French Revolution, to the writings of Thomas Paine4 and the declarations of the "Corresponding Societies"5 of England, and also to the writings of Babeuf6 and subsequently to the works of Marat and Buonarroti. Proudhon, Marx, and Bakunin primarily wanted to establish their principles through the workers (and contrary to Kant's recommendation). (Refer to the page image) Karl Marx 1- "The League of the Just"1, which was formed in 1826 among French intellectuals and workers. 3- The "1856 International" was formed in London by some Chartists and French political exiles to oppose Napoleon III's visit to England. It has been said that "the International was a child born in Paris and left to be nursed in London," and in fact, this assembly was formed from the union of the working classes of two advanced European countries of that time, France and England. Within the International, Bakunin was also against the dominance of the General Council (the central core of the organization) over the sections, while Marx favored centralization. Marx: Aside from the refrains of the "mass state" in Liebknecht's work1, which is a foolish writing against the "Communist Manifesto," this phrase has no more than one meaning: the proletariat, during the struggle to overthrow the old society, still operates based on the criteria of this old society.