چکیده:
In this writing, through an introspection of seventeen travelogues by Iranians who had seen the West between the years 1203 to 1321 AH, the author addresses the point that in understanding and recognizing the roots of Europe and America's progress, Iranians, instead of paying attention to theoretical and philosophical reasons, have relied on emphasizing technical and mechanical causes; for this reason, they have been unable to perceive the foundations of the 'other's' progress and the backwardness of the 'self.' An instrumentalist view of the identity of the Western world from the very beginning neglected, for various reasons, the history of Westerners' philosophical transformations and failed to realize that beyond technical developments, a new system of philosophical and epistemological categories has emerged. Such a mechanical and technical image of the causes of progress created an infatuation and astonishment that many intellectuals of the Constitutional era were later deceived by.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Among these, some of his appreciations of the European community moved beyond a purely technical state and approached the category of meta-technical praises, but they did not enter the philosophical realm of modernity in its modernistic and reformist sense: Book printing, education, and paper making; the belittling of the Pope and the undermining of his authority through legal arguments and proofs; education as a factor in transforming humans from an earthly insect-like state into civilized nations; the disregard of English sages for the rulings carried by the sages of the past; the stabilization of the pillars of sovereignty based on three matters: the king, the officials, and the subjects; the establishment of consultative assemblies and conducting affairs through public consultation; the loss of absolute power by the king and no one having dominance over another; the establishment of houses of justice to resolve disputes and litigations; the creation of insurance, customs, and taxes for the order and peace of mind regarding travel, which remains stable in battles due to the measures of the wise by accident and not by essence; three hundred years of preoccupation with the proper management of worldly affairs and the administration of cities, where everyone devotes their time to the task they are assigned and does not pay attention to any other work at all (ibid.
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