چکیده:
In the decision system, policy makers decide based on an information system including statistical indexes. If information system would be based on shadow economy, the policy makers will not achieve to desired results, because information and results are subjected to estimate by error. This part of economy effects on important indexes such as income redistribution, employment, government income and finally social welfare. So study about this part of economy and how affecting other parts of economy from this will help government to control its effects.
In this paper, we have tried to analyze the effect of shadow economy on the other parts especially labor market and tax system of a country via panel data for 17 developed countries of OECD between 1994-2008 and then presented the suggestions to simplify the control of this part.As a consequence, in the labor market, partnership rate has significant effect negatively and unemployment rate has significant positively on expanding the shadow economy and the regulation burden have also direct effect on this part of economy. About the tax, tax burden has significant effect positively on shadow economy growth and versus change in tax burden of these countries doesn’t have significant effect on this part of studied countries.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"Schneider and Enste believe that the essential decrease in underground economy leads to significant increase in taxation incomes and consequently increases in quantity and quality of public services and goods and finally it can motivate the economic growth and they said that Loaysa in his paper at 1996 represented the experimental evidences for this assumption.
Tanzi an Shome (1993) stated that how form the taxation escape with the kind of part (such as agricultural, industry, commercial), the kind of production arranging (being small or big enterprise), the kind of economic employer ,social behavior, Giles and Tedds and Werkneh (1999) said that the main reasons of making underground activities and taxation escape are high and multiplier burden taxation, inflation, real multiplier disposable income and decreasing the respect of moral sense and also asserted that several authors support this clam.
Giles (1999) by emphasizing on the government rule in expanding the underground economy said that public taxation burden, taxations combination and performing the more regulations on the labor and yield market are the factors of partial increasing of this phenomenon in different countries.
Schneider and Enste (2000) knew the effective factor on underground economy as taxation burden, social security burden, regulations intensity and performance, social transferring (such as income protection, unemployment insurance) , the factors of labor market ( such as time work decrease, unemployment rate) and the factors related to governmental services ( such as government efficiency, bureaucracy quality, corruption)."