چکیده:
ﭼﻜﻴﺪه اﻣﺮوزه ﺟﺬب، ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ و ﺣﻔﻆ داوﻃﻠﺒﺎن، از اﻫﺪاف ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ورزش در ﺣﻮزة ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ، ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﻧﮕﻴﺰش، رﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻨﺪی و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ رﻓﺘﮕﻲ داوﻃﻠﺒﺎن ورزﺷﻲ در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ آﻣﺎری را 062 ﻧﻔﺮ از داوﻃﻠﺒﺎن ورزﺷﻲ ﻓﻌﺎل در ﻫﻴﺄت ﻫﺎی ورزﺷﻲ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ دادﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ 47 ﻧﻔﺮ از آﻧﻬﺎ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺮی ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ای ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﻮﻧﺔ آﻣﺎری اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﭼﻬﺎر ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ رﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﭘﻴﺘﺰ )4891( ﺑﺎ 12 ﻣﻮرد ﺳﻨﺠﺶ اﻧﮕﻴﺰش داوﻃﻠﺒﺎن ﻟﻴﺎت ﻛﻮﻟﻴﻚ )7002( ﺑﺎ 82 ﺳﺆال، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﺔ رﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻨﺪی اوﻣﻮﺗﻮ و اﺳﻨﻴﺪر )5991( و ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﺮدی ﺟﻤﻊ آوری ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮای ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ در ﻳﻚ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺔ راﻫﻨﻤﺎ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ آﻟﻔﺎی ﻛﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ 18/0، 78/0 و 57/0 ﺑﺮآورد ﺷﺪ. ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ داده ﻫﺎ در دو ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ و اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﺳﻨﺠﺶ و ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﻮن ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ و MANOVAاﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ از ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده و ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ و ﺗﺸﻜﺮ، ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ و ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﻧﮕﻴﺰﺷﻲ در ﺟﺬب داوﻃﻠﺒﺎن ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﺪرت ﺑﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ از ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده، درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﭘﺎداش و ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ و ﺗﺸﻜﺮ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داری ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ رﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻨﺪی و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ رﻓﺘﮕﻲ در زﻧﺎن ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از ﻣﺮدان ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﺪرت، درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﭘﺎداش و ﻓﻘﺪان ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ و ﺗﺸﻜﺮ ﺑﺎ رﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻨﺪی داوﻃﻠﺒﺎن ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داری ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ، ﻗﺪرت، درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﭘﺎداش و ﻓﻘﺪان ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ و ﺗﺸﻜﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ رﻓﺘﮕﻲ داوﻃﻠﺒﺎن ورزﺷﻲ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داری وﺟﻮد داﺷﺖ.
Today recruitment, organization and maintenance of volunteer are the goals in sport management and human resources. The purpose of this study was to survey motivational factors, satisfaction and burnout among sporting volunteers in Iran. The population of this research consisted of 260 volunteers of sport associations in Fars province. 74 individuals were selected as the sample of this study by cluster sampling. In this survey, we used four questionnaire (burnout questionnaire was developed by Pines (1984) and consisted of 21 items, motivation of volunteers questionnaire was developed by Kulik (2007) and consisted of 27 items, satisfaction questionnaire of Omoto and Synder (1995) and demographic Questionnaire. The reliability was measured by alpha Cronbach (r=0.81, 0.87, 0.75) at P=0.05. The data were analyzed by the descriptive method and hypotheses were tested by MANOVA and correlation. The findings showed that family-support factor was scored as highest and appreciation factor as lowest among volunteers. There was a significant relationship between empowerment and family-support, perceived rewards, appreciation. Also, satisfaction and burnout were higher in females than males. There was a significant relationship between empowerment, lack of appreciation and perceived rewards to satisfaction. The results also showed a significant relationship between religion, empowerment, perceived rewards and lack of appreciation to burnout.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Musso Juliet A 3 - Dove 4 - Teenagers Today 5 - Statistics Canada 6 - National Survey of Giving Volunteering and participating 7 - Step into Sport اﻧﮕﻴﺰش، رﺿﺎﻳﺘﻤﻨﺪی و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ رﻓﺘﮕﻲ داوﻃﻠﺒﺎن در ورزش 35 00052 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ درآن ﺳﺎل 70/1 درﺻﺪ اﻓﺮاد ﺷﺎﻏﻞ ﻛﺸﻮر ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺶ ورزﺷﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص ﻣﻲ دادﻧﺪ و ﺗﺎ ﻛﻨﻮن آﻣﺎری از ﺣﻀﻮر داوﻃﻠﺒﺎن در ﻛﺸﻮر اﻋﻼم ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ )1(.
رﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻨﺪی در داوﻃﻠﺒﺎن ورزﺷﻲ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﺒﺎدﻻت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ، رﺿﺎﻳﺖ اﻓﺮاد در زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻫﺎی اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ، ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ، ﻛﺎر و ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻫﺎی داوﻃﻠﺒﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮازن ﺑﻴﻦ ارزش ﻫﺎ و ﺳﻮد ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت اﺳﺖ)5(.
Lisspers, J ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ورزﺷﻲ ﺷﻤﺎرة 1, ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 8831 65 ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و ﻧﻤﻮﻧﺔ آﻣﺎری ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ آﻣﺎری اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ را 062 ﻧﻔﺮ از داوﻃﻠﺒﺎن ورزﺷﻲ ﻓﻌﺎل در ﻫﻴﺄت ﻫﺎی ورزﺷﻲ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ دادﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ 47 ﻧﻔﺮ از آﻧﻬﺎ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺮی ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ای ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﻮﻧﺔ آﻣﺎری اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.
(22) ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺪم ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺷﻐﻠﻲ و ﻧﺒﻮد اﻧﮕﻴﺰه و در ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ رﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ در ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮔﻔﺖ ﻛﻪ داوﻃﻠﺒﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ درک ﻏﻠﻂ از ﻣﻔﻬﻮم داوﻃﻠﺒﻲ ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺘﻀﺎد ﺑﺎ روﻳﻜﺮد اﺻﻠﻲ و ،ﻫﺪف داوﻃﻠﺒﻲ را در ورزش دﻧﺒﺎل ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ و ﺑﺮای رﻓﻊ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ داوﻃﻠﺒﺎن، آﻣﻮزش ﻫﺎی ﻻزم ﺑﺮﻗﺮاری ارﺗﺒﺎط آﻧﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ و آﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ دﻳﮕﺮ داوﻃﻠﺒﺎن در ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎی دﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ راه رﺳﻴﺪن ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﻲ و .
International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, (7(3), PP:244-257.
The Journal of Social Psychology, 141(6), PP:752-763.
“Five-factor model of personality and job satisfaction: a meta-analysis”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 87.