خلاصة:
Objective: The aim of this study was to comparatively examine the attention and answer control in people with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and cognitive disorder. Method: The statistical method was descriptive-analytical of comparative- casual type. The statistical population of this study included 160 persons (120 patients with cognitive disorder and 30 patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder) from people referring to Kerman Peivand consultation center since March 2015 to March 2016. The sample included 34 patients with cognitive disorder who were selected by simple sampling method and 30 patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder who were matched with cognitive group in age perspective. For collecting data، the questionnaire of numbers version continuous operation and for data analysis independent t-test was used. Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference between scores means of two groups of attention-deficit hyperactivity and cognitive disorder in variable of attention dimensions (readiness، focus and speed) and answer control dimensions (precaution، continuity and perseverance). Conclusion: Therefore، if this disorder is diagnosed accurately in childhood and is treated with suitable methods، irrecoverable risks accession such as dropout، addiction to drugs، reduction of self-confidence، delinquency and aggression in adulthood could be prevented.
ملخص الجهاز:
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder has three prominent types: inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, and combined; each of these three types is diagnosed based on the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 2 (DSM-IV) only when, prior to 6 years of age, the criteria for that specific type of disorder have been present for 6 months, but the criteria for other types of this disorder have not been present during this period (Kroes, Kessels, and Kalff 3, 2002; Spetie and Arnold, 4 2007).
Barkley, Rosette, Quinn, Murphy and Fischer 4 (2010) stated that neuroimaging studies have shown that children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder have fundamental problems in the cerebellum and the frontal lobe, which are involved in planning, organization, decision-making, time perception, working memory, inhibition, and thinking.
Neuropsychological research has helped identify maladaptive cognitive 5 characteristics in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Castellanos, Sonuga-Barke, Milham and Tannock, 2006: 118).
Pinchen, Chung-Ping, Chen-Lin, Tai-Ling, Hsiu-Yi & Cheng-Fang 3 (2013), in studying adolescents with ADHD and normal adolescents, identified a prominent weakness in this group of children compared to normal adolescents in the information processing speed index.
Moreno-Garcia 5, Delgado-Pardo 6 and Roldan-Blasco 7 (2015) in a study evaluated attention and response control through visual and auditory stimuli in two groups of normal and hyperactive children.
The results showed that both groups had similar performance in response control; however, in the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder group, there was a significant difference between the visual attention subscale and the auditory attention subscale in the IVA 8 test.
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