Abstract:
Salam (Peace) is a Qur’anic term with a wide
range of deep meanings and various practical aspects and
manifestations. This divine word is a name of Allah, and
many hadiths have been reported from the Holy Prophet and
Imams regarding its meanings. In many religious texts,
including prayers, ziyarahs, and social interactions, its
manifestations are clearly seen. As the best deed and act of
worship and the most beautiful display of servitude to Allah,
prayer has some elements, including Salam. This article first
identifies and summarizes the most important meanings of
Salam on the basis of authentic Arabic and Persian
dictionaries. Next, on the basis of these meanings, the most
significant implications will be investigated, namely, the
philosophy of Salam in Prayer.
Machine summary:
"Accordingly, first the following data was gathered and classified: numerous points raised in such well-known dictionaries as Lisan-ul-Arab,1 Majma’-ul-Bahrain,2, Kitab-ul-‘Ayn,3 and Tahdhib-ul-Lughah,4 whatever commentator on and philologists of Arabic like Tarihi,5 Zubaidi,6 ibn Qutaibah,7 Raghib,8 Jeffry,9 Suyuti,10 Khurramshahi,11 Insafpur,12 Dehkhoda,13 Reyshahri,14 Mustafa15 and may other philologists referred to about Salam in their books; mentioning all of them is beyond the constraints of this paper.
Mulla Muhsin Fayd Kashani, Imam Khomeini, Shahid Thani (the Second Martyr), Hajj Mirza Jawad Maliki Tabrizi, Ayatollah Jawadi Amuli and others deem Salam in prayer to refer to "security".
In the book Ma’ani al-Akhbar, Abdullah ibn Fadl Hashemi is quoted as saying, "When I asked Imam Sadiq about the meaning of Salam, he said, ‘Salam means security and finishing the prayer.
In Mi’raj-u-Sa’adah, Mulla Ahmad Naraqi wrote about some rites and secrets of prayer: And when you start reciting Salam, you should consider yourself in the presence of the Holy Prophet, the angels close to Allah, other prophets, the Holy Imams, and the guardian angels who record your deeds.
As for the addressees of Salam in prayer, Shahid Thani said: When you are finished with Tashahhud, consider yourself in the presence of the Holy Prophet and the angels close to Allah, and say, + , 6 = 9 L &' ># g+ , 0+ ) L " # > .
2. In the Salam of prayer, the prophets, Imams, righteous servants of Allah and angels are addressed by the one praying."