Abstract:
In the Safavid era, cities played a decisive role in the activities of urban social
life, especially with regard to commodity, distribution and exchanging system
between urban and rural society as well as defining the role of organizations
in the commercial process. This paper is based on historical analyzing method
where the authors could utilize primary sources to study social and economic
states of urban life in Persian cities during Safavid. Farah Abad, Isfahan and
Bandar Abbas in North, Center and South of Iran have been examined. These
cities were selected considering their functional nature as producer, industrial
(processor) and exporter centers.
The outcome of the study shows that the cities founded and developed
during Safavid, specially on Silk Road, during the reign of Shah Abbas I (996-
1038 AH), played the role of producer, distributer and exporter in north,
center and south of Iran. Based on their functional capacities, cities of that era
are divided into three types: producer of raw materials, intermediary and
processing, and finally exporter (port) cities. The analysis of economic
relations of those cities indicates that the king had despotic monopolization of
all aspects of the cities where the urban economy deeply on agricultural
economy of countryside.
در ایران عصر صفوی این ماله با تعریفی سازمان یافته از نظام تولیدء توزیع و مبادله میان جامعه شهری
و روستایی و تبیین سازمان اداری فرایند تجارت. هرکدام نقشی تعیین کننده در پویایی حیات اجتماعی
شهر داشتهاند. پژوهش حاضر بر اساس روش تحلیل تاریخی و بهرهگیری از منابع تاریخی و مطالعات
اجتماعی و اقتصادی شهر با هدف تبیین ساختار اقتصادی شهرهای ایران در عصر صفغوی نگاشته شده
است. به همین منظور برای شناخت منطقی و مستند از تحولات رخداده . شهرهای فرح آباد در شمالء
اصفهان در مناطق مرکزی و بندرعباس در جنوب ایران به عنوان شهرهای شاخص مورد مطالعه قرار
گرفته اند. دلیل گزینش این شهرها پیشتر به دلیل ماهیت عملکردی آنهاست که به ترتیب شامل شهرهای
تولیدی. صنعتی(فرآوری کننده) و صادرکننده دارای عملکرد بوده اند.
نتایج این تحقیق نشان میدهد که شهرهای ایران عصر صفوی در دو قالب شهرهای توسعه یافته و
احداثی با پراکندگی مکانی خاصی در مسیر تجاری ابریشم در عصر سلطتت شاه عباس اول (۱۰۳۸-
٦ ) در سه بخش شمالی. مرکزی و جنوبی ایران؛ به تولیدء توزیع و صادرات کالا کارایی داشتند. بر
حسب نظام تولید و مبادله رایج » شهرهای عملکردی عصر صفوی به سه گونه شهرهای تولید کننده مواد
خام واسطهای یا فرآوری کننده و در نهایت صادر کننده (شهرهای بندری) تقسیم میشدند. تحلیل
مناسبات اقتصادی شهرهای عصر صفوی نشان میدهد که اشکال ارائه شده در نظام مبادله بر جنبههای
اتحصارطلبی تام شاه و بهره کشی مالکانه وابستگی شدید اقتصاد شهری به اقتصاد کشاورزی در روستاها
و در نهایت شکل گیری نظام واسطه گری و خرده کالایی در شهرها تمرکز داشت.
Machine summary:
"The outcome of the study shows that the cities founded and developed during Safavid, specially on Silk Road, during the reign of Shah Abbas I (996-1038 AH), played the role of producer, distributer and exporter in north, center and south of Iran.
In this research, Farah Abad, Isfahan and Bandar Abbas in north, central and south of Iran are examined to study the role and position of cities during Safavid, by utilizing social and economic studies on urban as well as by analyzing the historical method.
Since, palatial distribution could be followed up explicitly, ports and coastal cities in northern Iran such as Farah Abad and Mashhadsar (present Babolsar), Bandar Abbas in south, mountainous cities of Ardabil, Tabriz and Sanandaj in west and north-west, desert cities as Isfahan, Kashan and Yazd were founded and, in some cases, developed for specific political, economic and social (religious) aims.
As mentioned before, forced migration of the minority Armenians, Kurds, Georgians and the residents of Shirvan and Qarebaq in Azerbaijan into suitable and examined places for growing silkworm, was one of the Shah Abbas I’s economical actions which resulted in reducing their destructive power in organizing rebellions and tribal insurrections and also utilizing their ability to develop the economy of new founded cities.
The natural state and climatic conditions (agricultural economy), locating on trade roads (exchange system) and existence of ports (exporter) resulted in that Safavid cities create a new network of exchanging commodity organization at national and international levels by utilizing territorial possession and potential of sea and overland road ways."