Abstract:
Realism attempts to discovering and expressing reality and replacing reality by
imagination, dreaming, and legends, the realist writer uses his genius and modernity
instead of a fictitious one in observing and expressing details. The school of realism is
one of the most fundamental art schools that emerged in France in the mid-nineteenth
century and expanded rapidly. Avoiding the imagination and inner inspirations of the
romantics and addressing the realities of the universe outsidewere the most basic
principles of this school that poets, writers and artists adopted and followed. In Iran and
Iraq, poets and writers focused on social issues and the decline and backwardness of
their own countries.
The literature of each nation reflects the political and social conditions of the nation.
Given that the socioeconomic conditions of Iran and Iraq have been affected by the
same events in contemporary times, the thoughts and the literary themes of these two
literatures are largely similar. Among the prominent contemporary poets of Iran and
Iraq are: Nima Youshij and Siavash Kasraei in Iran, Badr Shakir al-Sayyab and Abdul
Wahhab al-Bayati in Iraq, pointed out that intense tendencies towards freedom and
support of workers and farmers have brought the situation to the attention of the
country. This studyis limited to studying four poets (Nima Youshij, Siavash Kasraei,
Badr shaker al-Sayyab and Abdul Wahhab al-Bayati). By analyzing realism in the
poetry of those four poets, each writer believes in particular realism, describing and
expressing the social, political, and the describing the nature from the language of each
poet in his own way. In his realistic description, each poet expresses a socio-political
dimension more prominently.