Abstract:
فصل مشترک یکی از مضامین مهم در مرزبندی محلههاست که اهمیت بسیاری در مباحث مربوط به انسجام دارد. مرز محلهها در گذشته بهدلیل ساختاری همپیوند با بافت پیرامون خود، از عوامل اصلی انسجام بوده است. مسئلة پیشروی پژوهش حاضر، توسعة غیرمنسجم محلههاست که سبب جداسازی صرف از یکدیگر و پیدایش سلولهای منفک شهری شده است. ضرورت این پژوهش به این دلیل است که روند موجود، نتیجهای جز شکلگیری محلههای بدون همپیوندی با هم نخواهد داشت. هدف نیز بررسی مؤلفههای مرزبندی محلهها با رویکرد انسجام و تدوین معیارهایی در این زمینه است که با سنجش یکی از موارد انسجام، یعنی انسجام اجتماعی محلهها، به مقایسة کیفیت مذکور در مرز محلههای الغدیر و مظفری، واقع در بافت جدید و تاریخی شهر کرمان پرداخته شده است. پژوهش حاضر کیفی است که با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوای متون انجام شده و دادهها بهکمک پیمایش میدانی و تهیة پرسشنامه گردآوری شده است (150n=). یافتهها نشان میدهد عوامل وضعیت دسترسیپذیری به مرز، کیفیت دسترسیپذیری به فضاهای تجمعی در مرز، کیفیت تعاملات اجتماعی، وضعیت پویایی و سرزندگی و قابلیت پیادهروی مرز، بهترتیب بیشترین سهم را در تعریف انسجام در مرز محلههای مسکونی دارند. درنهایت اینکه محلة تاریخی مظفری بهدلیل داشتن حداکثر شاخصهای امتزاج و همپیوندی، بیشترین میزان انسجام را دارد.
Extended Abstract Interface plays a significant role in issues pertaining to urban coherence as one of the utmost theme in delimiting neighborhoods. In the past, the neighborhood boundary has been one of the main factors of coherence, regarding their structure entwining with surrounding context. The present research has studied the role of delimiting concept in coherence and to explore indicators affecting that. The study has involved in the incoherence development of the neighborhoods, resulting in pure separation from each other and the emergence of independent cells of city. As the failure in formation neighborhoods interconnected with each other’s has dramatically increased, the necessity of the present research is apparent. The study purpose is to analyze components of delimiting neighborhoods with a coherent approach as well as to develop some criteria in this filed. And, by measuring neighborhood cohesion namely social cohesion of the neighborhoods, the quality of that in the boundary of Al-Qadir and Mozafari which are located in the new and historical context of Kerman city have been compared, respectively. In this study, qualitative research approach has been applied using content analysis method, and data has been gathered through fieldwork method and questionnaires. IntroductionFor urban sociology, urban neighborhoods are considered as the concept of real social units, to a certain extent, has been emerged accidentally and unconsciously. These have been developed in sustainable and definite form, including certain privacy over the time. Thus, in the past, most of cities which have been developed in Iran had a certain name and specific social characteristics. Sometimes this kind of classification is referred to geographical classification of city which brings up a specific name for it (Tavasoli, 2000: 17). The present research has put forward this question: “which factors have brought about the unity and cohesion of neighborhood in delimiting boundaries of the historic neighborhoods of kerman?” the associated problem is referred to significance differences in delimiting neighborhood in the past and that of the present time. The necessity of this study and the adaptation of a new approach in neighborhood and city division is a fact which its importance is undeniable. As the current procedure based on providing services and determining the levels of urban division has always been pursued, regardless establishing adjacent neighborhoods, the separation of neighborhoods may presented and the principle of cohesive city may doom to failure. Various urban units such as neighborhoods integrate with each other through urban interfaces or boundary elements and components. In fact, the relationship between various urban neighborhoods has been underpinned by these interfaces than internal elements and components of each unit (Ben Hamuc, 2009:39). With more investigation in studied conducted on neighborhood and relevant purpose and approaches to the present study, it is obvious that few studies have been conducted on the concept of delimiting neighborhoods. MethodologyIn this study, qualitative research approach has been applied using content analysis method relating to neighborhood division, delimiting neighborhoods, the concept of city as a whole, new theory of sciences and related philosophical views, as well. Additionally, analyzing relevant documents such as maps, aerial photographs related to neighborhood divisions in the past and now have been used. By reviewing valid pervasive literature covering cohesion and integration issues, 14 indicators have been explored to assay them. Al-Qadir and Mozafari neighborhoods in Kerman have been chosen as case samples. Then, questionnaires have been designed to assay indicators which assayed through the likert scale. To validate questionnaires, the number of it for assaying based on Neyman allocation has ascertained 150 using SPSS software. The sampling method is a proportional volume cluster in which the number of samples has been selected based on each neighborhood population. The first respondent has been selected accidentally using neighborhood’s map and other respondents have been selected using systematic distance. After filling in questionnaires and adding data to SPSS Software, factor analysis has been used by which analyzing questionnaires’ data and finding the important and influential factors in each neighborhood cohesion and advantage have taken place. Finally, some suggestions and strategies have been developed to ameliorate the possibility of neighborhood cohesion using analyzing factors and comparing them to each other. Results and discussionThe findings has revealed that factors such as accessibility to boundary, the quality of accessibility to communities in boundary, the quality of social interaction, dynamic and vitality condition of boundary, appropriate pavement in boundary have the highest proportion in defining residential neighborhood cohesion. Mozafari, the historical neighborhood, shows the maximum integration resulted in the highest amount of cohesion. The highest differences and the lowest one are referred to “accessibility to boundary” and “having appropriate pavement”, respectively. Among all mentioned factors, only “appropriate pavement” shows a similar condition in both neighborhoods. In other factors, the highest degree is obtained by Mozafari neighborhood. In other words, the environment of neighborhoods boundary or their interfaces plays a significant role in promoting interconnectivity, social cohesion of neighborhoods. Actually, if boundaries become intersection of the social interactions, the role of boundaries as connecting axis rather than a separation edge will be highlighted. ConclusionIn delimiting neighborhoods, social, physical, and historical factors should be determined to divide neighborhood. Some residential neighborhoods present social factors as social correlation in which specific physical-spatial structure has often manifested. However, dividing neighborhoods has developed focusing activities centers in neighborhoods lacking social factor to link the community potentiality. The center of neighborhood is a major spatial factor in recognizing it, particularly when it is to be more attuned to social needs. Therefore, centers such as mosque should be determined to delimit neighborhoods. Finally, planning and designing these centers as urban environment on the scale of the neighborhood may improve social interactions affectively.Key words: Iranian neighborhood, delimiting boundary, cohesion, interface, Kerman
Machine summary:
نقش مرزبندي محله ها در انسجام و امتزاج اجتماعي آن (مطالعۀ موردي: مرز محله هاي مظفري و الغدير شهر کرمان ) نسرين محمدي زاده *- دانشجوي دکتري شهرسازي، دانشکدة عمران ، معماري و هنر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي تهران ، واحد علوم و تحقيقات حميد ماجدي- استاد گروه شهرسازي، دانشکدة عمران ، معماري و هنر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي تهران ، واحد علوم و تحقيقات زهرا سادات سعيده زرآبادي- دانشيار، گروه شهرسازي، دانشکدة عمران ، معماري و هنر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي تهران ، واحد علوم و تحقيقات پذيرش مقاله : ١٣٩٦/٠٤/١٥ تأييد نهايي: ١٣٩٦/٠٩/٢٥ چکيده فصل مشترکيکي ازمضامين مهم درمرزبندي محله هاست که اهميت بسياريدرمباحث مربوط به انسجام دارد.
در اين مرحله و پس از تعيين واريانس هريک از عوامل تبيين کنندة انسجام ، ماتريس عاملي را دوران داده است تا هريک از شاخص هاي مربوط ، بيشترين ارتباط را با عوامل مربوط به دست بياورند و شرايط را براي نام گذاري و شناسايي عوامل مربوط به کمک امتياز هر شاخص از عامل تسهيل کنند.
مجموع واريانس تبيين شدةعوامل مؤثربرانسجام درمحله هاي مظفريوالغدير مجموع ضرايب عامل چرخش داده مجموع ضرايب عامل چرخش (رجوع شود به تصوير صفحه) منبع :نگارندگان مرحلۀپنجم :محاسبۀماتريس عاملي دوران يافته وتعيين مقاديرارتباط شاخص هاباعوامل منتخب جهت نام گذاري در اين مرحله و پس از تعيين واريانس هريک از عوامل تبيين کنندة فرسودگي شهري، ماتريس عاملي دوران داده ميشود تا هريک از شاخص هاي مربوط بيشترين ارتباط را با عوامل مرتبط به دست بياورند و شرايط را براي نام گذاري و شناسايي عوامل مربوط به مدد امتياز هر شاخص از عامل تسهيل کنند.