Abstract:
اﺑﺎﺣﻪ و ﺣﻠﯿﺖ از واژﮔﺎﻧﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ در آﺛﺎر ﻓﻘﻬﯽ، ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﻓﻘﻬﯽ و اﺻﻮﻟﯽ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﯽآﯾﺪ اﻣﺎ ﻏﺒﺎر ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ، ﭼﻬﺮهی اﯾﻦ دو واژه را در ﻣﻌﻨﺎ وﻣﻔﻬﻮم، اﺻﻞ و اﻣﺎره ﺑﻮدن و ﻣﻮارد ﺟﺮﯾﺎن درﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﮕﻮﯾﯿﻢ اﺑﺎﺣﻪ در ﻟﻐﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎی آﺷﮑﺎر ﺷﺪن" و دراﺻﻄﻼح ﻋﺒﺎرت اﺳﺖ از ﺑﺎز ﺑﻮدن ﻣﯿﺪان، در ﭘﯿﺶ روی ﻣﮑﻠﻒ ﺗﺎ آﻧﭽﻪ را ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺧﻮاﻫﺪ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﮐﻨﺪ. ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﻣﮑﻠﻒ آزاداﻧﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم دادن ﯾﺎ ﺗﺮک ﻓﻌﻠﯽ را اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ و از ﺳﻮی دﯾﮕﺮ ﺣﻠﯿﺖ را در ﻟﻐﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎی »روا ﺑﻮدن« و در اﺻﻄﻼح ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎی اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺼﺮف در اﺷﯿﺎء ﺣﻼل اﺳﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﺣﺮﻣﺖ و ﻣﻨﻊ آن از ﺳﻮی ﺷﺎرع ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. ﻫﺪف ﻣﺎ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ »ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺻﻞ اﺑﺎﺣﻪ و اﺻﻞ ﺣﻠﯿﺖ در ﻓﻘﻪ و ﺣﻘﻮق اﯾﺮان« ﺑﻮده، ﮐﻪ ﻣﺎ در آن ﺳﻌﯽ دارﯾﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت دﻗﯿﻖ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ(ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ_ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ) و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪای ﻣﻌﻨﺎ و ﻣﻔﻬﻮم اﺑﺎﺣﻪ و ﺣﻠﯿﺖ را روﺷﻦ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ و ﺑﯿﺎن ﻧﻤﺎﯾﯿﻢ ﮐﻪ اﺑﺎﺣﻪ و ﺣﻠﯿﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺘﺮادف ﻫﻢ دارﻧﺪ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﻫﺮ ﭼﯿﺰ ﻣﺒﺎح، ﺣﻼل اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺎﻟﻌﮑﺲ و ﻫﺮ دو ﯾﮏ ﻗﺎﻋﺪه ﯾﺎ اﺻﻞ ﻓﻘﻬﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم اﺻﺎﻟﻪ اﻻﺑﺎﺣﻪ واﻟﺤﻞ" را ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪات آن ﻗﺎﻋﺪه ﮐﺘﺎب، ﺳﻨﺖ، اﺟﻤﺎع و ﻋﻘﻞ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ و در ﺷﺒﻬﺎت ﺣﮑﻤﯿﻪ و ﺷﺒﻬﺎت ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﯿﻪ در ﺗﻤﺎم اﺑﻮاب ﻓﻘﻪ اﻋﻢ از ﻋﺒﺎدات و ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﺟﺮﯾﺎن دارد و ﻣﺨﺘﺺ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎب ﺧﺎﺻﯽ از ﻓﻘﻪ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ.
Abhaha and Halit are words that can be seen in jurisprudential works, jurisprudential rules and principles, but a lot of dust has covered the face of these two words in their meaning and concept, principle and statistics, and cases of flow. We must say that obscenity in the word means "to be revealed" and in the term it means that the field is open, in front of the obligee to take what he wants. That is, the obligee freely chooses to do or leave the present, and on the other hand, the word halal in the word means "permissible" and in the term means that any seizure of objects is lawful unless its sanctity and prohibition has been proven by the Shari'a. have taken. Our aim in this research is "to study the principle of impropriety and the principle of dissolution in Iranian jurisprudence and law", in which we try to clarify the meaning and concept of impropriety and dissolution accurately based on research method (descriptive-analytical) and library studies. Let us say that immorality and legitimacy are also synonymous, that is, everything that is permissible is lawful, and vice versa, and both constitute a rule or principle of jurisprudence called "the originality of immorality and immorality", the documents of which are the book, tradition, consensus and reason. Subjective jurisprudence and doubts apply in all chapters of jurisprudence, including worship and transactions, and are not specific to a specific chapter of jurisprudence.