Abstract:
تاکنون تلاشهای علمی گستردهای در موضوع تعریف فساد، ابعاد آن و راهکارهای مقابله با آن صورت پذیرفته است. این مطالعات را میتوان در طیفی از مطالعات خردمقیاس در سطح فردی تا مطالعات پیچیده با هدف شناسایی و مقابله با پدیده فساد سیستمی قرار داد. پژوهش حاضر در این راستا تلاش میکند تا ابتدا با طرح موضوع زمینهها و علل شکلگیری فساد در فرایند سیاستگذاری مدیریت کلانشهری، در راستای شناسایی و آشکارسازی نگرش نوینی به فساد در این حوزه، در قالب مفهوم فساد شبکهای و تمایز آن از سایر انواع فساد، این مفهوم را در مطالعات حوزه مدیریت کلانشهری دنبال کند. بر این اساس، فساد شبکهای در فرایند سیاستگذاری مدیریت کلانشهری عبارت است از شبکهای از بازیگران و بدنهای از نهادها و سازمانهای مختلف که حول یک فعالیت فاسد در فرایندهای مختلف سیاستگذاری مدیریت کلانشهری از دستور کار و تدوین سیاستها تا فسخ آنها شکل گرفته و اعضاء آن از منافع فعالیت فاسد سود میبرند. مقاله حاضر، با توجه به فقدان چارچوب پایه مطالعاتی موضوع فساد شبکهای در حوزه فرایند سیاستگذاری مدیریت کلانشهری، تلاش کرده است تا چارچوب مطالعه پایه این حوزه را بهعنوان یافته اصلی مقاله ارائه کرده و در اختیار پژوهشگران علاقهمند به موضوع فساد شهری قرار دهد. این مقاله از منظر روششناسی نیز از جمله پژوهشهای کیفی بوده که با اتکاء به روش بازبینی یکپارچه/انتقادی متون پژوهشی به بررسی منابع کتابخانهای و اسناد مرتبط پرداخته است.
To date, widespread scientific research has been carried out that focuses on the definition of corruption, its dimensions and strategies to prevent and combat it. These studies can be classified in a range of micro-scale studies about administrator’s activities to complicated studies that focus on identifying and combating systemic corruption. This paper aims to, in the first step, clarify the network corruption and differentiate it from other forms of corruption and then, pursue network corruption in metropolis management. Accordingly, network corruption in metropolis management is defined as a network of independent and dependent actors in government, public, and private sectors and NGOs which are formed around a set of corrupted activities in several missions of metropolis management and it can be seen on different levels of urban policymaking, planning s well as implementing urban plans and projects. The key point in network corruption is the trade-off between members around corrupted activities that benefit all the members and damage the public interest. Also, this paper aims to resolve the lack of a base study framework in network corruption in process of policymaking of metropolis management by presenting a base framework on this subject as the main finding of this research. This research is a qualitative study and an integrated/critical literature review methodology is used to review related library resources and documents. Regarding the definition of corruption, there is no universal agreement. Despite the many definitions and contextual uses of corruption, the most used definition of corruption is the abuse of public resources and administrative authority for private gain, however, since this definition is mainly focused on the public sphere, Transparency International (TI) has redefined it as the abuse of entrusted power for private gain. This new definition encompasses other sectors such as the private sector and NGOs. In this paper, the Karklins' definition of corruption is used which is defined as the abuse of entrusted power for private gain at the expense of the public good, although the latter is implicit in the notion of misuse, since the focus in this paper is on metropolis management and its missions, this thorough definition has been chosen. Also, in this paper, network corruption is pursued as a notion concept like Carvajal's research in which he classified the four steps to explain network corruption from creation to stabilization, including: 1. Setting of the corrupt nucleus 2. Expansion through a network of accomplices, 3. Exponential growth, and 4. Stabilization, however, we have also added 5. Termination to complete the circulation from birth to death of a network corruption. In addition to elaborating on the definition and process of creating and developing a network corruption, policymaking process in metropolis management is discussed in this paper. Several authors like Brouwer and Deleon (1983), Howlett and Ramesh (2020), Brewer, May and Wildavsky (1978), Anderson (1975), and Jenkins (1978) tried to explain this process, therefore public policy processes are consisted of: 1. Agenda-setting, 2.Policy formulation, 3. Implementation, 4. Evaluation and 5.Termination. In this research, these two theoretical frameworks have been combined to design a network corruption study framework in metropolis management. This framework can be applied in different fields and missions of metropolis management like architecture and urban planning, recycling management, and traffic and public transportation programs and projects.
Machine summary:
پژوهش حاضر در این راستا تلاش میکند تا ابتدا با طرح موضوع زمینه ها و ع لل شکل گیری فساد در فرایند سیاست گذاری مدیریت کلان شهری، در راستای شناسایی و آشکارسازی نگرش نوینی به فساد در این حوزه ، در قالب مفهوم فساد شبکه ای و تمایز آن از سایر انواع فساد، این مفهوم را در مطالعات حوزه مدیریت کلان شهری دنبال کند.
براین اساس ، این مق اله تلاش میکند تا ابتدا با طرح موضوع زمینه ها و ع لل شکل گیری فساد در فرایند سیاست گذاری مدیریت کلان شهری، در راستای شناسایی و آشکارسازی نگرش نوینی به فساد در این حوزه ، در قالب مفهوم فساد شبکه ای و تمایز آن از سایر انواع فساد، این مفهوم را در مطالعات حوزه مدیریت کلان شهری دنبال کند.
Candidate in Decision Making and Public Policy, School of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran Abstract To date, widespread scientific research has been carried out that focuses on the definition of corruption, its dimensions and strategies to prevent and combat it.
Also, this paper aims to resolve the lack of a base study framework in network corruption in process of policymaking of metropolis management by presenting a base framework on this subject as the main finding of this research.
In addition to elaborating on the definition and process of creating and developing a network corruption, policymaking process in metropolis management is discussed in this paper.
In this research, these two theoretical frameworks have been combined to design a network corruption study framework in metropolis management.