Abstract:
مقدمه: هدف از تحقیق حاضر تعین نقش امنیت و ابعاد آن بر مقاصد رفتاری گردشگران ورزشهای زمستانی در پیستهای اسکی تهران بود.
روش: این تحقیق از نظر هدف، از نوع تحقیقات کاربردی است به لحاظ گردآوری داده ها، توصیفی همبستگی می باشد و جامعه مورد مطالعه در این پژوهش کلیه گردشگران پیستهای اسکی تهران در زمستان سال 1396 بودند. در این تحقیق از فرمول کوکران برای جامعه نامحدود به منظور تعیین حجم نمونه تحقیق استفاده شد (384 نفر). به روش نمونهگیری خوشهای (هر پیست یک خوشه) تعداد 400 پرسشنامه در پیستهای اسکی توزیع شد و درنهایت 331 پرسشنامه مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. به منظور جمع آوری دادهها و اندازهگیری متغیرهای مدل از پرسشنامه امنیت گردشگری محمودی و همکاران (1394) و پرسشنامه نیات رفتار زیتامل و همکاران (2003) استفاده شد. پایایی آن با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ و پایایی ترکیبی و روایی آن نیز با استفاده از روایی همگرا (تأیید بارهای عاملی و مقدار AVE) و روایی تشخیصی مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها از روشهای آمار توصیفی (جداول و نمودارهای توزیع فراوانی) و آمار استنباطی (همبستگی اسپیرمن) و برای ارائه مدل، تکنیک مدل یابی معادلات ساختاری استفاده شد.
یافتهها: در نهایت نتایج یافتههای تحقیق نشان داد امنیت روانی، امنیت اقتصادی و امنیت اجتماعی تأثیر مثبت معناداری به صورت مستقیم بر نیات رفتاری گردشگران در پیستهای اسکی تهران دارند.
بحث: در نهایت با توجه به نتایج تحقیق میتوان گفت که هر چه ضریب امنیتی در یک محل از جنبههای مختلف از میزان بالاتری برخوردار باشد، گردشگران ورزشی بیشتری تمایل به سفر به آن مکان را خواهند داشت.
Introduction: Many countries consider tourism as a dynamic industrial sector and as one of the main sources of income, job creation, private sector growth and infrastructure development. Winter temperatures, due to low temperatures and cold weather, create many limitations for tourism development, but snowfall provides good conditions for winter tourism and the development of related sports. In the topics of tourism, security in its general sense is of great importance because security in various fields, including economic, political, legal, social, psychological, safety, etc., is based on the amount of entry of tourists and their desire to stay as well as trips Resharing is effective. During various sports competitions in different countries, security has always been one of the most important concerns of the authorities responsible for holding the competition. Given the ever-increasing development of sport tourism and the economic, cultural, social and political benefits of this industry, the need to pay more attention to the security of sports tourists is felt more and more. The need to ensure the safety of sports enthusiasts, including winter sports tourists on ski trails, can attract more tourists to these places.
Method: In terms of collecting data, descriptive correlations were used and the population studied in this study was all the tourists of the ski skis of Tehran in the winter of 1396. In this research, the Cochran formula for unlimited society was used to determine the sample size of the research (384 people). 400 cluster questionnaires were distributed to climbers using cluster sampling (each cluster) and 331 questionnaires were analyzed. In order to collect data and measure the variables of the model, the Tourism Safety Questionnaire (Mahmoudi et al., 2015) and Zeitamel et al. (2003) were used. Its reliability was confirmed by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and its reliability and its validity by using convergent validity (confirmation of factor load and AVE value) and diagnostic validity. For analyzing the data, descriptive statistics (tables and graphs of frequency distribution) and inferential statistics (Spearman correlation) were used for data analysis. Structural equation modeling technique was used to present the model.
Findings: The average security in the present study was 3.383 ± 0.549. The average of security components was observed. Based on the obtained values, the mean of the components of psychological security was (458.3 ± 0.559), economic security (3.341 ± 0.593) and social security (261 ± 853.5) 3). Based on the findings, the mean behavioral goals of 3,700 with a standard deviation of 474/0 were obtained in this study. Also, the mean of oral advertisements (3.704 ± 0.669), purchase intention (3.679 ± 0/603), price sensitivity (3.721 ± 0.561) and complaint behavior (3.697 ± 0.667) Came out. Shows that there is a meaningful positive relationship between tourism security with the behavioral goals of tourists of the ski slopes of Tehran (Sig = 0/001, 450/0 = rho = 001). Also, among the components of psychological security (Sig = 0.001, rho = 441/0), economic security (Sig = 0.001, rho = 420/0) and social security (Sig = 001, rho = 309/0) There was a significant positive correlation with behavioral goals of tourists. The results show that psychological security (β = 182.0, Sig = 0.007, t = 2 = 706), economic security (β = 389, Sig = 0/001, t = 4/464) and security Social (β = 0.269, Sig = 0.001, t = 87.7) have a significant positive effect on the behavioral goals of tourists. The results also show that the Fit Fitness Index (GFI) and Adaptive Adjustment Index (CFI) as the main indexes of fitting the model are more than 0.9, which confirms the research model. The Chi-Squaw ratio to the degree of freedom (4 477/4) is less than 5, which has an acceptable value to confirm the research model. Also, the value of RMSEA is 0.082 and, given that it is less than 0.1, it indicates that the model is acceptable. Finally, it can be seen that other fitness indicators (CFI, NFI, IFI) are all at a good and high level of 0.9.
Discussion: According to the research findings, the security dimensions of tourists in Tehran ski resorts have the highest economic relation with behavioral intentions. Economic security for tourism purposes is one of the most influential decision-making factors for tourists. Things such as theft, theft, car theft, and the like have all caused economic insecurity in the destination of tourism and, by presenting a negative image to tourists, inspired insecurity and made them appear as a tourist destination Dissuaded So it can be said that when tourists can safely entertain wallets and other valuable items like cellphones or expensive skiing equipment along with them, or without the fear of stealing their car or personal car accessories easily into the tracks Skiing will definitely impact on their decision to re-enter their ski resort, as well as the introduction of these places to other friends and acquaintances. It can also be argued that by increasing the economic safety of skiing tracks, individuals as tourists or athletes are likely to be more likely to be present at these tracks later in the day. There is a positive relationship between social security and behavioral goals, and social security is based on the results of the research, which has a significant positive effect on the behavioral intentions (behavioral intentions) of tourists in ski resorts in Tehran. When someone sees a site that is racially discriminated against, language or coverage, the tourists will not feel safe in these places, and are more likely to go on holiday in leisure travel, recreation, and sports to a place or destination He will be insulted, he will not travel and will seek a place where he feels calm in this regard and chooses a destination where he will respect him, ethnicity, dress, religion and ... respect. It can be concluded that by improving the social security situation in ski resorts and possibly other destinations, tourism and travel destinations will have a greater willingness to attend. Finally, the research findings showed that there is a significant positive relationship between psychological security and behavioral intentions (behavioral intentions) of ski resort tourists, and psychological security has a positive direct effect on the behavioral goals of tourists as research samples. The result means that as tourists increase their perceptions of ski resorts from their psychological safety, they will probably increase their willingness to return and reuse the track and recommend it to others. The psychological security of any society depends on the realization of the comprehensive and comprehensive security of its citizens, and any threat or threat of danger can disrupt the psychological security of the community.
Key words: psychological security, economic security, social security, behavioral goals, sport tourism