Abstract:
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: آﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ، ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎﺗﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺳﺎﻣﺎندﻫﯽ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ و ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪﮔﯽ اﻧﺴﺎن و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎ در ﻓﻀﺎی ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد. ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖﻫﺎ، ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎ و ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﺧﻮد از ﻃﯿﻒ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ از ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎی اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. آﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ زﯾﺮﺑﻨﺎی ﺳﺎﻣﺎندﻫﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪای و اﺑﺰار اﺻﻠﯽ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰی و ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮیﻫﺎی ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪای و ﻣﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ و زﻣﯿﻨﻪ اﺻﻠﯽ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎی ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی- اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﯾﺎ ﮐﺸﻮر را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽآورد. از آﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮای ﺗﺤﻘﻖ اﻫﺪاف ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ، ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ اﻋﻢ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ و ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ را ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و ﺑﻪﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮی ﻫﻤﻪ اﯾﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰم ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰی اﺳﺖ، ﻟﺬا آﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﺒﻨﺎی ﻃﺮحﻫﺎ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎی ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﻮده و ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪدﻫﻨﺪه ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰیﻫﺎی اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع آﻧﺎن در ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﻣﻠﯽ و ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪای اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮزی ﺑﻪدﻟﯿﻞ ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫﺎی ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ از وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﺧﺎﺻﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردارﻧﺪ. وﺟﻮد ﻣﺒﺎدﻻت و ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪﻫﺎی ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ دو ﺳﻮی ﻣﺮز و آﺳﯿﺐﭘﺬﯾﺮیﻫﺎ و ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪات ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ، ﻟﺰوم ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻣﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰی ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ را ﻣﻄﺮح ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎی آﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮزی در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎی اول ﺗﺎ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺟﻤﻬﻮری اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان )۱۳۶۸-۹۳( ﺑﻮد.
ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮی: در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع و ﺑﻪوﯾﮋه در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﻮم و ﭼﻬﺎرم، راﻫﺒﺮد اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮی ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﻔﺎوتﻫﺎی ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎی ﭘﻨﺞﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ و راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎ، ﺗﻔﺎوتﻫﺎی ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮزی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﺸﻮر را ﻧﺎدﯾﺪه ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﯾﮑﺴﺎن ﻧﮕﺮﯾﺴﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. ﺿﻤﻨﺎ در ﻫﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ راﻫﺒﺮد ﺧﺎﺻﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ اﺳﺖ.
Introduction: Spatial planning is a set of measures to organize the distribution of human and activities carried out in the geographical space. Each area should enjoy a range of economic and social activities based on its capabilities, needs, and situation. Spatial planning is the basis of organizing regional development and it is the main instrument for regional and national planning and policy making; it provides the basis for the preparation of socio-economic development plans for each area or country. Since for the fulfillment of development objectives all social resources, including human, economic, spatial, and environmental resources should be used and making use of all these elements needs planning, spatial planning is the basis of comprehensive development plans and projects and connects spatial, social, and economic planning, or as a whole in the form of comprehensive planning, in regional and national scale. Border areas have special characteristics due to their contacts with the external environments. The cross-border exchanges and spatial connections between the adjacent countries as well as the various vulnerabilities and threats posed by this issue necessitate special care to the process of development planning in these areas. The aim of the present research was to investigate the employed strategies for spatial plannig in brder areas in Five-Year economic, social, and cultural development plans of Islamic Republic of Iran (1st to 5th Plan).
Conclusion: In general, and especially in the 3rd and 4th plans, the economic strategy is more important. Also, spatial differences have not been considered in 5-year development plans; strategies ignored the differences in the various border areas of the country and looked at all areas in the same way. In addition, a special type of strategy is focused in each plan.