Abstract:
مقاله ی پیش رو میکوشد تا به این سوال پاسخ دهد که دیپلماسی ایرانیان در دوره ی قاجاریه و پهلوی چگونه دیپلماسی بوده است؟ که برآیند آن بدین قرار شد: پادشاهان قاجار و پهلوی، دیپلماسی را ابزاری، برای تداوم و استمرار حاکمیت خود بر جامعه قلمداد میکردند، زیرا با مطالعه ی مفاد عهدنامهها و امتیازنامهها در دوران قاجار و مفاد قراردادها در دوران پهلوی، میتوان به این امر مهم پی برد. بنابراین با این رویکرد قاجارها، با بیش از یک قرن، و پهلویها، با بیش از نیم قرن، توانستند با آن همه ظلم و فاجعه آفرینی، در جامعه ی بین المللی آن روز، تداوم یابند و به حیات سیاسی خود ادامه دهند. فلذا از یک نظر تداوم و حیات طولانی قاجارها و پهلویها در قدرت سیاسی را باید در دیپلماسی آنها در روابط بین الملل و نه در قدرت استبدادی آنها جستجو کرد. دیپلماسی که در آن منافع بیگانگان و نه منافع مردم و جامعه ی ایران طراحی شده بود. اما علیرغم این مسایل و چالشها، در اوج ناتوانی قاجارها و پهلویها، نخبگانی هم در راس دیپلماسی قرار گرفتند که توانستند با دیپلماسی واقع گرایانه و علمی، منافع جامعه ی خود را رقم بزنند، که باید به قایم مقام، امیرکبیر، قوام و مصدق اشاره کرد: زیرا الف. قایم مقام در مذاکرات صلح الرزنه الروم به میرزای آشتیانی مینویسد: با زور میرزایی و قوه ی انشایی الفاظ مبهمه را بگنجانید، که راه سخن برای ما باز باشد.
The following article tries to answer the question of how Iranian
diplomacy was during the Qajar and Pahlavi periods. The result
of which was as follows; The Qajar and Pahlavi kings considered
diplomacy as a tool for the continuity of their rule over the
society, because; By studying the provisions of the agreements
and concessions during the Qajar era and the provisions of the
contracts during the Pahlavi era, we can understand this
important matter. Therefore, it was with this approach that the
Qajars, with more than a century, and the Pahlavis, with more
than half a century, were able to continue and continue their
political life in the international community of that day despite all
the oppression and disaster. Therefore, the continuity and long
life of Qajars and Pahlavis in political power should be sought in
their diplomacy in international relations, not in their autocratic
power. Diplomacy in which the interests of foreigners were
designed, not the interests of the Iranian people and society. But
despite these issues and challenges, at the height of the Qajar and
Pahlavi powerlessness, elites were at the head of diplomacy who
were able to establish the interests of their society with realistic
and scientific diplomacy, which should be pointed out to Qaim
Maqam, Amir Kabir, Qavam and Mossadegh. ; Because a. Al-
Ruznah al-Rum writes to Mirzai Ashtiani as the deputy in the
peace talks; Include ambiguous words with the power of Mirzai
and the power of composition, so that the way of speech is open
for us. b. Amir Kabir knew in the Al-Ruznah al-Rum treaty
where he should take action and where he should be short, so that
things are done. In the Pahlavi period, A. Consistency with the
diplomacy of oil against land, practically freed Iran from
disintegration and provided the ground for Russians to leave Iran.
b. With negative balance diplomacy, Mossadegh was able to
nationalize Iran's oil industry and provide the basis for an oil-free
economy in the domestic arena. It was like this that despite the
autocratic political system of Qajar and Pahlavi, its government
elites, with their realistic and scientific diplomacy, preserved the
image of Iran in the international community of that day.