Abstract:
از مهمترین و کاربردیترین قواعد در دانش فقهالحدیث، قاعدۀ تعلیل است که در روایات نسبتاً زیادی به کار رفته است و فوایدی چشمگیر بر آن مترتب است. از همین رو، محدثان و فقها توجهی ویژه بدان داشته و در فهم روایات، استفادهها و برداشتهای گوناگونی از آن داشتهاند. آگاهی از این برداشتها، میتواند اهمیت تعلیل در فهم روایت فقهی را بیش از پیش آشکار کند و نحوۀ استفاده از تعلیل را تا اندازۀ زیادی نشان دهد. این پژوهش بر آن است تا با استفاده از روش توصیفیتحلیلی موارد استفاده از قاعدۀ تعلیل را تبیین کند و نحوۀ استفاده از این قاعده را عملاً به نمایش گذارد. برخی از مهمترین کاربریهای تعلیل در فهم حدیث عبارتاند از: تعمیم، تشخیص حکم، شناسایی حدیث تقیهای، ترجیح معنای مجمل بر ظاهر.
IntroductionHadith, as the second source in deriving religious rulings and the most extensive source among the four sources, has a high value and use. But this extensive and efficient resource requires factors and tools in validating and implying and requires high effort and accuracy. in implying and understanding the hadith Various tools are involved, and the rules and proofs for understanding hadith are considered the most important tools for understanding hadith, which reveal the correct and precise semantic layers of the text and the and mentalities and thoughts in mind of the author. One of the most important and practical rules in the knowledge of hadith jurisprudence is the rule of Ta’ill, which has been used in a relatively large number of hadiths In a purposeful addition format is used and has significant benefits such as explanation, generalization, allocation, etc. Therefore, the transmitters and jurists have paid special attention to which and have had various uses and interpretations of Ta’ill. Awareness of the perceptions of Ta’ill can reveal the importance of reasoning in understanding the hadith and show how to use Ta’ill to a great extent.Materials and MethodsThis research aims to explain the uses of the rule of Ta’ill and show how to use it practically through the analytical-descriptive method. The cases of using the Ta’ill rule in narrative and jurisprudential books such as "al-usul al-ama lilfiqh al-muqaran"; "tadhkerat al-fuqaha'; "mabadi' al-usul 'ila 'ilm al-usul"; “mukhtalif al-shia”; "muntaha al-matlab"; "sharh al-urwat al-wuthqa"; "al-Istebsar"; "madarik al-'ahkam"; "al-Wafi"; "bihar al-anwar"; “Rawdat al-Muttaqin fi Sharh Man La yahudhuruh al-Faqih"; "al-hadayiq al-nadirah"; “Al-Mu’tabar fi Sharh Al-Mukhtasar”; “mashariq al-shumus"; "kitab al-hajj"; “brahin al-haja lelfuqaha' wa al-hujaj"; “Al-Rawda al-bahiyya fi sharh al-lumʿat al-Dimashqiyya” ; and some researches related to the Ta’ill rule like “Examination of the Concept of Ta’ill”, “The Method of Ta’ill in the Qur'an”, “Ethical and Educational Ta’ills of Imam Ali (AS) in Nahj al-Balagha”, “Understanding the Legal Ta’ill of the Transmission of Precepts from Nass to Other Cases in the Viewpoints of Islamic Sects”, “The Concept of Ta’ill in the Ethical Proposition of Ta’ill in the Qur'an and Hadith”, and “Types of Application of Analogy in Shia Jurisprudence Based on Jawaharlal Kalam” have been analyzed.Results and FindingsSome of the most important uses of Ta’ill in the understanding of the hadith show that this rule is very important for understanding the text and the intention of the Innocent Transmitter (Ma’sum), and it is used in the generalization of the verdict, the recognition of the verdict, the identification of the Taqiyyah Hadiths, and the preference of the overall meaning over the apparent meaning. However, neglecting the Ta’ill makes the meaning incomplete and imprecise and will make the ruling wrong; In such a way that the understanding and interpretation of hadith will go astray. ConclusionImams, peace be upon them, as transmitters of hadith, have paid great attention to Ta’ill, and this great attention shows and confirms their eloquence and keeping in mind the precise concepts. For this reason, religious textual researchers have hired Ta’ill in the process of discovering the meaning and purpose of hadith in working with narrative texts; They have also paid attention to which in the inference stage of the rulling. This kind of dealing with Ta’ill shows the high position of which in textual research and understanding of hadith. In addition to correct and precise recognition of the verdict, Ta’ill can sometimes generalize the verdict to other cases and examples. It is also helpful in identifying Taqiyyah hadiths.