Abstract:
Among the various branches of traditional medicine in the Islamic era, surgery requires a very high level of specialization, experience, and precision. The aim of this research is to find the constant principles and techniques used by surgeons from the 3rd to the 12th century AH. The research method is descriptive-comparative with sample analysis. The results have indicated that some constant principles and techniques during this time period were accepted and common from the East to the West of the Islamic world. Surgeons of this period had a clear and distinct knowledge of various types of throat diseases. Their main principles include complete caution, diagnosis of recovery and surgical healing, prevention of bleeding, and suturing. Another fundamental principle of surgery in the Islamic era is the necessity for the surgeon to be fully familiar with compound medicines and medicinal plants. Surgical techniques for the ear, nose, and throat also include cauterization of specific points in the ear, cauterization of the nose, medicinal cauterization of the throat, vertical incision in the throat, transverse incision inside the throat, incision of the earlobe, returning the root to the nose, incision using the hidden probe technique, treating an object in the ear via the incision method, the excision technique, and the excision of tonsils and throat swellings. Throughout all these stages, specialized familiarity with a diverse range of surgical tools and the technique of using them is clearly evident. Specialized tools for this type of surgery include various types of cauterizers (point, nail, and olive shaped), various hooks, scalpels, hard heads, drills, hidden probes, tweezers, forceps, scissors, testing rods, and pliers. Additionally, surgeons of the Islamic era used tools such as hooks, tweezers, pliers, and tubes to remove various objects from the ear and throat, such as stones or creatures like leeches and worms.
Machine summary:
Twenty-seventh year, New Series, Number 34, Consecutive 124, Summer 2017 A Research on the Principles and Techniques of Ear, Throat, and Nose Surgery in Islamic Era Traditional Medicine 1 (From the 3rd to the 12th Century AH) 2 Seyyed Mahyar Shariatpanahi Date Received: 2017/5/28 Date Accepted: 2017/7/10 Abstract Among the numerous branches of traditional medicine in the Islamic era, surgery requires very high levels of specialization, experience, and precision.
Thus, mapping the fundamental and fixed principles and techniques of Islamic era surgeons in the therapeutic surgeries of the ear, throat, and nose organs is the main objective of this article.
The method of work is as follows: a silken, hairy, or linen thread that is somewhat thick is selected and knotted such that the distance between the knots is the size of a finger band or less and becomes like a serrated saw; then, using a leaden curved needle, it is passed through the nostril until it reaches the palate, or the patient personally inserts it into the nose with a rod and pulls it up until the tip of the thread reaches their throat; then the thread is pulled out from the throat, brought out through the mouth, and a knot is tied to the end of the free thread so that the thread forms a loop, and by pulling this knotted loop of the intranasal thread back and forth, large amounts of flesh are cut bit by bit and removed from the nose; then a lead tube wrapped in cloth is used so that the patient's airway is opened (Ibn Sina, 1426: Vol. 2, p.
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