Abstract:
The novel is a leading literary genre that emerged in Western societies after the Industrial Revolution. Due to the changing forms of human life and the prominence of man's role in the transforming Western society, it gradually entered the realm of literature and established itself as the undisputed literary genre of the present era. However, despite benefiting from a vast foundation and a valuable and great heritage, the literature of Iran and the Arabs did not become aware of the existence and importance of the novel until they became acquainted with Western civilization. This article attempts to compare the emergence and formation of the novel in these two regions by examining the factors that influenced the acquaintance of Iranians and Arabs with Western civilization. The result indicates the pioneering steps and relative success of the Arabs in this field.
Machine summary:
A Comparative Critique of the Foundations of the Emergence of the Novel in Iran and Arab Countries * (Scientific - Research) Hamid Reza Rezaei Omidi PhD student in Persian Language and Literature, Payame Noor University Dr. Abdolhossein Farzad Associate Professor, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies; Dr. Morteza Haji Mazdarani, Assistant Professor, Payame Noor University; Dr. Hossein Yazdani, Assistant Professor, Payame Noor University Abstract The novel is a leading literary genre that emerged after the Industrial Revolution in Western societies.
In Iran, coinciding with the first acquaintance of Iranians with Western civilization during the time of Abbas Mirza and the translation of works such as History of Peter the Great by Voltaire and later the book The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire by Edward Gibbon, the translation of texts into the Persian language had begun; however, the role of translation as a comprehensive movement that paved the way for the entry of the novel into Iran became particularly prominent after the establishment of Dar al-Funun and the acquaintance of Iranian scholars with modern scientific and literary methods, and with the establishment of Dar al-Tarjameh by Amir Kabir, translation became one of the most important factors in turning Iranian writers toward Western fictional literature.
In Iran, about three years before the publication of the first Persian social novel (Fearful Tehran), Mohammad Ali Jamalzadeh, by creating the short story Yeki Bud Yeki Nabud, marked the most important historical event in fictional literature.
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