Abstract:
Women's creativity in society indicates the dynamism and vitality of any society. Iranian women have participated in the collective movements of Iranian society in various fields and different periods of history. These collective actions have occurred in different proportions throughout history. During the Qajar period, due to the development of communications and interactions between Iranians and European countries, as well as the exploitation and colonization of Iran by England and Russia, changes occurred in the identity of Iranian women. In this context, various groups (ranging from religious groups to pro-Western freedom-seeking groups) engaged in collective action. This research, based on the premise that women in this period were performing collective actions in a regular and organized manner for the first time and attempting to influence the general social layers of society, first examines the social backgrounds and daily lives of Iranian women and then investigates the collective actions of Iranian women in the fields of publishing magazines and newspapers, letters and proclamations, forming women's circles and organizations, establishing girls' schools, using homes instead of schools, protest art and literature, protest demonstrations and gatherings, and the struggle to achieve the right to vote; subsequently, it explores the discourse existing among women of the Constitutional era.
Machine summary:
This research, based on the premise that women in this period for the first time performed collective actions in a regular and organized manner and sought to influence the public social layers of society, first examines the social backgrounds and daily lives of Iranian women, and then investigates the collective actions of Iranian women in the fields of publishing magazines and newspapers, letters and manifestos, forming women's circles and organizations, establishing girls' schools, using homes instead of schools, protest art and literature, protest demonstrations and gatherings, and the struggle to achieve the right to vote; and subsequently, it explores the discourse existing among women during the Constitutional era.
Iranian women, women's social movements, Qajar era, women's collective actions, women's social organizations Introduction Women constitute half of the population of any society and throughout history, they have been present alongside men in all arenas, but their role has been faint.
One of the most important transformations in the modern history of Iran was the gradual raising of the women's issue and attention to their political and social rights in society.
In the cultural dimension, through the establishment of girls' schools, the founding of women-related newspapers, and writing articles through legal and political; meaning striving toward changing existing laws to remove legal obstacles through the formation of associations and organizations, and striving to gain the right to vote.
Letters: Possibilities for Pursuing Demands It seems that during the Constitutional era, letter writing and the publication of open letters to protest current issues and request specific demands for women, especially in the field of the right to education and women's political participation, were common.
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