Machine summary:
e. , the age of the Crusades: the merchandise which had gone through the hands of the Arabs had been sold to the Europeans with a profit of Iooo/0•3 From this economic point of view, the Christian-Jewish-Islamic world of the Middle Ages was indeed one single cultural entirys-e-the esteem in which Islamic science and philosophy had been held suffered so much that their influence on Western civilization is widely underrated, with very few exceptions.
Max Weber says: "Islam was at the begin• ning a religion of world-conquering warriors, of a knightly order of disciplined fighting co-religionists, nevertheless not having the sexual asceticism of the Christian orders of knighthood .
" : this was the controversial point: the reason for the importance of this problem was the application of the terms to God. 1 Avicenna who wanted a philosophy that did not go beyond the frame work of religion- a concept which was expressed in the Occident by the words : '' Philosophia est ancilla theologiae.
\Ve encounter, for instance, pantheistic ideas, although we in the West developed the habit of considering Spinoza and his follower Goethe as their characteristic representatives : "Sometimes we are surprised that Islam tolerated a strongly pantheistic tendency and that the dicta-God is not far away from every Muslim ...
" Perhaps they even considered these luxuries as a necessary attribute of r , Hell, Der Islam und die abendl.