Abstract:
ﭼﻜﻴﺪهﻫﺪف از اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ، ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺘﻲ و ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻛﺎرﻛﻨﺎن در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ و ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ و ﺗﺒﻴﻦ راﺑﻄﺔ ﺑﻴﻦاﻳﻦ دو ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ در ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻲ و ادارة ﻛﻞ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻲ وزارت آﻣﻮزش و ﭘﺮورش ﺑﻮد. ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ از ﻧﻮعﭘﻴﻤﺎﻳﺸﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﻣﻴﺪاﻧﻲ اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ آﻣﺎری ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ، ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻲ و ادارة ﻛﻞ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻲوزارت آﻣﻮزش و ﭘﺮورش ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ 621 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻲ و 83 ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎس ادارة ﻛﻞ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻲ وزارت آﻣﻮزشو ﭘﺮورش ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﻮﻧﺔ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﺑﺰار ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﺮای ﺟﻤﻊآوری دادهﻫﺎ، دو ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺤﻘﻖﺳﺎﺧﺘﺔ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺘﻲ و ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺑﻮد. رواﻳﻲ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﻳﻲ و ﺻﻮری اﺑﺰارﻫﺎی ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﻈﺮی ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻈﺮاﺳﺘﺎدان و ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻳﻲ اﺑﺰارﻫﺎی ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ آزﻣﻮن ﺿﺮﻳﺐ آﻟﻔﺎی ﻛﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮای ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﺔﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺘﻲ 28/0= αو ﺑﺮای ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ 07/0= αﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ دادهﻫﺎی ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﺎﺑﻪﻛﺎرﮔﻴﺮی روشﻫﺎی آﻣﺎر اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﻲ و آﻣﺎر ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎی ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺘﻲ و ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ درﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ در ﻫﺮ دو ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ، راﺑﻄﺔ ﻣﻌﻨﻲدار ﻣﻨﻔﻲ و ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺳﻲ وﺟﻮد دارد )10/0= .(P
The purpose of this research was to study participative management and resistance to change dimensions as well as to survey their relationship in Physical Education Organization and Physical Education Department of Ministry of Education. For this purpose, 126 experts of Physical Education Organization and 38 experts of Physical Education Department of Ministry of Education were selected. Data were collected by two researcher-made questionnaires: participative management and resistance to change (with reasonable validity; Cronbach's alpha for participative management was? = 0.82 and for resistance to change was? = 0.70 respectively). The results indicated a significant and reverse relationship between participative management and resistance to change (P=0.01) and between participation in planning and goal setting (P=0.05). A significant and reverse relationship was observed between participation in decision making and problem solving, participation in control and monitoring and participation in implementation to resistance to change (P=0.01) as well. There was a significant difference in participative management between Physical Education Organization and Physical Education Department of Ministry of Education but no significant difference was observed in resistance to change between these two organizations (P=0.05).
Machine summary:
آﺑﺮﻳﻦ )2002( در ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﺧﻮد ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان »ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺖ ﻛﻠﻴﺪی ﺑﺮای اﻧﺠﺎم ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ« ﻋﻨﻮان ﻛﺮد ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺖ و درﮔﻴﺮی ﻛﺎرﻣﻨﺪان ﺧﻂ ﻣﻘﺪم در اﻣﻮر ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﻲ، ﻧﻘﺶ ﻛﻠﻴﺪی در اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن از ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ و اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﺮاﻳﻄﻲ ﺑﺮای ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺘﻲ و ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻛﺎرﻛﻨﺎن در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ در ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻲ و ادارة ﻛﻞ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻲ ...
ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ روﺷﻨﺪل ارﺑﻄﺎﻧﻲ )2831( ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺘﻲ در ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﻮد، اﻧﮕﻴﺰش ﻛﺎرﻛﻨﺎن اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ و از ﻣﻴﺰان ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻛﺎرﻛﻨﺎن ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد )3(.
ﺣﺒﻴﺒﻲ )3831( ﻧﻴﺰ در ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺧﻮد ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺘﻲ در ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﻲ و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛﺎرﻛﻨﺎن ﻣﻲﺷﻮد )2(.
ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺎﻻ، در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺎت ﻣﻄﺮح اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺘﻲ و ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻛﺎرﻧﺎن در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ در ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻲ و ادارة ﻛﻞ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻲ وزارت آﻣﻮزش و ﭘﺮورش راﺑﻄﻪ وﺟﻮد دارد.
ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺘﻲ در ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻲ و ادارة ﻛﻞ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻲ وزارت آﻣﻮزش و ﭘﺮورش ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﻮد، ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮان اﻳﻦ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎنﻫﺎ در ﭘﻲ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﺑﻨﻴﺎدی و ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه در ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ، از ﻣﻴﺰان ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻛﺎرﻛﻨﺎن در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ.
ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎی ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺘﻲ و ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ راﺑﻄﺔ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ و ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺳﻲ وﺟﻮد دارد ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺘﻲ در ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﻮد، از ﻣﻴﺰان ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد.