خلاصه ماشینی:
"A further study by Negishi (2011) showed that over 80% of English language learners in Japan fell within the A level of the CEFR (also known as the Basic User level): the CEFR’s can-do statements did not appear to provide specific enough criteria for distinguishing effectively between the population’s span of language learners and development of an alternate version thus began (Negishi, 2011).
Furthermore, all of the can-do statements were contextualized for Japanese learners (Tono & Negishi, 2012) and tested to ensure that the rank ordering of difficulty matched the predictions of the system (Negishi, 2011).
However, the development of a scale is only the first step in implementing a system (North & Schneider, 1998) and due to the new divisions and statements, further research, such as ensuring that target users of the system behave similarly to the participants of the initial development studies, is required.
A preliminary study by Runnels (2013), measured the rank ordering of difficulty by almost 600 university students on the CEFR-J’s A1 and A2 sub-levels.
2. / Figure 3: The bubble pathway for the mean difficulty of spoken interaction can- do statements across the CEFR-J’s levels A1.
In the current study, the hierarchy of difficulty was not consistently found which has implications for CEFR-J’s users: the scale of increasing difficulty is not always empirically supported (Westhoff, 2007; Fulcher, 2003; Hulstijn, 2007) and progression may proceed at differing rates or even in different directions for individual learners."