چکیده:
Shadegan Wetland is located in the southwest of Iran. It is one of the
wetlands internationally recognized in the Ramsar Convention. Thanks to its
variety of functionalities, this wetland has provided the local people with lots
of job opportunities. As a result of being located on the oilfields, this wetland
has nowadays been threatened by many projects which are being run in its
vicinity, namely oil exploration projects and so forth which are running
economic-environmental valuations. Lack of data about the economic value
of the wetland has prevented such valuations. The objective of this study is to
estimate the total economic value of Shadegan Wetland taking into account
its use and non-use values. To achieve this goal, direct use value was first
calculated using the market-based method. Subsequently, indirect use value,
option value, and non-use value (existence value) were estimated using the
method of choice experiment. Based on the results of this study, annual direct
use, indirect use, option, and non-use values of this wetland were estimated
to be $187104167494, $58568264206752217 and $387974436448,
respectively. Also, based on the calculations performed, it was found that
over 50,000 jobs have been created by Shadegan Wetland such that its total
value accounts for 7.1 percent of Khuzestan province’s GDP. The time
period of this study was the year 2014.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"Therefore, the total value of an environmental commodity could be expressed as follows: Total value = use value (direct, indirect and option value) + non-use value (existence value) In general, economic valuation methods are based on direct market evaluation, market substitution evaluation, product cost evaluation, or actual impact evaluation (Cui et al, 2012).
Table 3: Annual of direct use values Type of Service Total value Rials Dollars Fishery 1119940643330 48693071 Animal husbandry 7647414300000 332496273 Horticulture 907892160000 39473572 Agriculture 1094936529000 47605936 Tourism 2838818560 123426 Economic value of job creation due to the wetland 21583530000000 938414347 Annual rental of the lands covered by the wetland 5121778110000 222686004 Total annual use values 37478330560890 1629492633 In order to derive the total value of the wetland, we used the uniform-series present worth factor as follow: (2) Noting that the number of periods of interest tends to infinity, after some simple mathematical operations the following result is obtained: (3) Where, P denotes present value of the wetland in the next hundred years; A shows the annual value of the use of the wetland; i represents real interest rate of the agriculture and natural resources sectors.
Estimation of indirect use benefits and marginal willingness to pay Once data was collected and put into computer software, action variables were constructed from individual’s attributes and fourfold attributes of the wetland and added to the simple RPL (Random Parameters Logit) model to control for the economic-social characteristics of the respondents."