چکیده:
Masnavi Ma'navi is the epistemological poem of Rumi, a poet of the seventh century AH. The characteristic of the stories being inherently narrative, combined with Rumi's fluid mind and depth of thought in the Masnavi, has enabled a widespread connection with readers despite the simplicity of the language and the absence of artificial or pretentious styles. At times, while referring to the difficulties of communicating with the reader and mentioning the causes and reasons for those difficulties, Rumi strives to make some of them known to the reader and to provide the necessary grounds for communication. Rhetoric, as part of the three levels—namely the linguistic, cognitive, and literary levels that constitute a literary style—has found a special manifestation in Rumi's Masnavi Ma'navi. This article attempts to address this aspect of the stylistic features of the narrative and storytelling poem of the Masnavi.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Rumi, Masnavi, Stylistics, Literary level, Requirement of the occasion (Iqtida al-Hal) 1 - Associate Professor of the Persian Language and Literature Teaching Department, University of Tehran fazilat.
In any case – as was observed – eloquence and rhetoric are the primary conditions of literary speech, and poets and writers employ their art to convey the depths of their hearts and secrets to others; sometimes with an expression where the outward and inward are one, and at times expressions and words, acting as clues and signs, allow one to reach the inward from the outward, but there are occasions when they use speech that one cannot easily reach its underlying layers, but rather several times more effort and exploration are required.
Eloquent speech is that through which meaning is conveyed to the heart of the listener (ibid: 85), and perhaps in the following verse, the latter meaning is intended: گفــت گفــت تــو چــو در نــان ســوزن اســت ازدل من تادل توروزن است (Mawlawi, 1362: 18) Because of this characteristic of deep connection and internal communication between the speaker and the audience, Abd al-Qahir praises the speech of al-Jahiz and considers the prominent feature of his speech to be the harmony and balance of meanings and its preference for rhyme and parallelism (see: Jurjani, 1361: 5).
In other words, although Mawlawi strives to speak to the audience in the simplest manner and the easiest language; however, the nature of the introversion and symbolism of the Masnavi stories is such that connection with the audience and the requirements of the listener's state is not easily possible.
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