چکیده:
In this article, the experience of industrial export processing zones in developing countries is examined. This report was prepared as part of the strategic studies for establishing the Chabahar Free Trade-Industrial Zone, and its aim was to utilize global experiences to determine the goals, scales, and strategies of an industrial export processing zone in Iran. The results of the studies indicate that although export processing zones have expanded rapidly in developing countries over the last three decades, not all countries that have undertaken the creation of such zones have been successful. The creation of new employment opportunities, income, and net foreign exchange benefits can be considered among the most important economic effects of these zones. The effect of export processing zones on technology transfer and the improvement of management and labor skills, while positive, has been limited. The backward linkage and forward linkage effects of these zones, as well as the external economies resulting from their activities, are also minimal.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Also, the results obtained in the World Bank report are based on sampling and case studies regarding the effects of export processing zones on export development, human resource development, technology transfer, and private sector development, whereas in other works, the subject has not been addressed in such detail.
The timing of the research has also been effective in the results of the studies; since 1985, the world has witnessed significant development in export processing zones, industrial employment, investment, and (1)-Institute for Commercial Studies and Research, has translated the recent work titled: "The Economic and Social Effects of Multinational Corporations in Export Processing Zones" through the efforts of Dr. Mohammad Reza Rafati and published it in Shahrivar 1369.
More specifically, the objectives of host governments can be classified as follows: be classified: A- Generating foreign exchange earnings B- Creating employment opportunities C- Attracting foreign capital and advanced technology D- Acquiring and upgrading labor and management skills E- Creating communication loops between export processing zones and the local economy If we want to compare the economic impact of industrial export processing zones in relation to the ambitious goals that many developing countries have expected from the functioning of these zones, it must be stated explicitly that these zones have not had a significant share in the economic development of host countries.
Purchasing Raw Materials from the Host Country The high import content of products in export processing zones over the years indicates that their linkage effects with the local economy are negligible.
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