چکیده:
ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻠﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان رﻫﺒﺮ ﻓﻜﺮی ﻣﻌﻨﻮی ﺣﺰب زﺣﻤﺘﻜﺸﺎن ﻣﻠﺖ اﻳـﺮان )ﻧﻴـﺮویﺳﻮم( و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻜﻲ از ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺖﻫﺎی ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در ﺗـﺎرﻳﺦ ﻣﻌﺎﺻـﺮ اﻳـﺮان، از ﺟﻤﻠـﻪﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻗﻠﻢ و ﮔﻔﺘﺎر وی ﻫﻤﻮاره در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺒﻴـﻴﻦ و اراﺋـﻪ راهﺣـﻞﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﺑـﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﻬﺒﻮد وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. او ﺑﻪ ﭘﺸﺘﻮاﻧﻪ آﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﺤـﺼﻮلﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎی ﺣﺰﺑﻲ و ﺷﺮﻛﺖ در ﺑﺤﺚﻫﺎی اﻳـﺪﺋﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ و ﻓﻜـﺮی ﺑـﻮده، ﺗﻮاﻧـﺴﺖﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻧﻬﻀﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺷﺪن ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ را ﺑﺎ اراﺋﻪ ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻓﻜﺮی و اﻳـﺪﺋﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ و راﻫﻜﺎرﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮای ﻋﺪم ﺗﻜﺮار اﺷﺘﺒﺎﻫﺎت رﻫﺒﺮان ﻧﻬﻀﺖ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﺪ.در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﺳﻌﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس آﺛﺎر ﺑﻪ ﺟـﺎ ﻣﺎﻧـﺪهی وی، در ﻗﺎﻟـﺐﻣﻘﺎﻻﺗﻲ در روزﻧﺎﻣﻪی ﺷﺎﻫﺪ، ﺧﺎﻃﺮات و آﺛﺎر ﭼﻬﺮهﻫﺎی ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ وی و ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪدرﺑﺎره او ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ رﺳﻴﺪه، ﺑﻪ ارزﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ﭘـﺎرهای از ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮاﺗﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﻳـﻪﭘـﺮدازی وﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎرﻫﺎی ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺧﻠﻴﻞﻣﻠﻜﻲ در ﻓﻬﻢ و درک روﻳﺪادﻫﺎی ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ اﻳـﺮان در دورهﻣﻠﻲ ﺷﺪن ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ، ﺑﭙـﺮدازد. ﻣـﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻣـﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ، ﺑـﺎزﺧﻮاﻧﻲروﻳﻜﺮدﻫﺎی ﻓﻜﺮی و ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺧﻠﻴﻞﻣﻠﻜﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﺑﺴﻴﺎری از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ،او را ﺑﺎ اراﺋﻪ »ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻧﻴﺮوی ﺳﻮم« ﺑﺎزﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. ﮔﺮﭼﻪ آﺛﺎر ﺑـﺴﻴﺎری در راﺳـﺘﺎی»ﻧﻴﺮوی ﺳﻮم« ﻣﻠﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﮕﺎرش درآﻣﺪه، اﻣﺎ اﻳـﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ ﺻـﺮﻓﺎ دﻳـﺪﮔﺎه ﻓﻜـﺮی و ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ وی را درﺑﺎرهی ﻧﻬﻀﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺷﺪن ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ.
Khalil Maleki، the intellectual and spiritual leader of Zahmatkeshan-e Mellat-e Iran Party (Nirou-ye Sevom)، was also one of the influential figures of contemporary history of Iran. He was one of figures whom theirs’ writings and speeches were always towards the explanation and providing solutions to improve the situation of society.
He succeeded to analyze the structure of the nationalization of Iran's oil industry movement with introducing Intellectual and ideological framework and to present solutions to prevent reiteration of movement leaders’ mistakes. He did this job based on a political awareness which was a result of his party activities and his participation in Ideological and Intellectual debates.
In this paper authors tried to evaluate the influences of Khalil Maleki theories and political writings in the understanding of Iran political events during the era of the movement of nationalization of Iran's oil industry. This evaluation is based on his accessible works such as his essays in Shahed Newspaper and also notes about him and his Ideas in contemporary figures’ works and published researches about him.
The main problem of this paper is to review the political and intellectual approaches of Khalil Maleki، as a figure which has been introduced in many research sources as the owner of ‘Third Force Theory’. Although many works has been written on the Maleki’s Third force (Nirou-ye Sevom)، but this paper in a different approach only focused on his political and intellectual viewpoints on the movement of nationalization of Iran's oil industry.
خلاصه ماشینی:
25 ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ، ﺷﻤﺎره 31 او در ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﺧﻮد، ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮان »ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد ﻋﻘﺎﻳﺪ و آراء« ﻛﻪ در 8231ش در زﻣﺎن ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺟﺒﻬﻪ ﻣﻠﻲ اول و ﻣﻠﻲ ﺷﺪن ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ در ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ ﻛﺸﻮر در روزﻧﺎﻣﻪی ﺷـﺎﻫﺪ ﻧﻮﺷﺖ، ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻧﻘﺪ و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ دﻻﻳﻞ اﻧﺸﻌﺎب از ﺣﺰب ﺗﻮده، ﺑﻪ اراﺋﻪ دﻳـﺪﮔﺎهﻫـﺎی ﺧﻮد راﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ و ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺟﺒﻬﻪ ﻣﻠﻲ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ و ﺣﺘﻲ در ﺳـﻄﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻄﺮ ﻣﻘـﺎﻻت او، ﻣﻲﺗﻮان راهﺣﻞﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮای ﺗﺤﻘﻖ اﻫﺪاف ﺑﻴﺎن ﺷﺪه، ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻛﺮد.
ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻠﻜﻲ در ﻳﻚ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ از »ﻧﻴﺮوی ﺳﻮم«، ﺑﺎ ذﻛﺮ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت، ﻣﺼﺎدﻳﻖ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ آن در اﻳﺮان را ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ و ﻧﻴﺮوی ﺳﻮم را ﻛـﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻣـﻲداﻧـﺪ ﻛـﻪ »از ﻫﻴـﺄت ﺣﺎﻛﻤـﻪ و رﻫﺒﺮان ﺣﺰب ﺗﻮده ﻣﻨﺤﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﺄﻳﻮساﻧﺪ و اﻧﺘﻈﺎری ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ، آنﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺷﺪن ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ در ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ اﻳﺮان، ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺷﺪن ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ و ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻌﻲ را ﻛﻪ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺲ ﻳﺎ روسﻫﺎ ﻃﻤـﻊ ﺑﻪ آن دارﻧﺪ، در آن واﺣﺪ ﺧﻮاﻫﺎن ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، آنﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻔﻆ اﺳـﺘﻘﻼل ﺳﻴﺎﺳـﻲ و اﻗﺘـﺼﺎدی اﻳﺮان را ﺑﺪون ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪن ﻫﻤﻴﺸﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻠﻮک ﺷﺮﻗﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ اﻣﻜﺎنﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻣﻲداﻧﻨـﺪ و ﺑـﺮ ﻧﻴﺮوی ﻣﻠﺖ ﺧﻮد، ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻌﺪاد و ﻟﻴﺎﻗﺖ رﻫﺒﺮان ﻣﻠﺖ ﺧﻮد اﻳﻤﺎن دارﻧﺪ و ﺑﺪون ﭘﻴﺮوی ﺑﻲﭼﻮن و ﭼﺮا از اﻳﻦ ﻳﺎ آن دوﻟﺖ ﻣﻘﺘﺪر ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ، ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت اﻳﺮان و ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺳﺮﻧﻮﺷـﺖ 3 ﻣﻠﺖ اﻳﺮان را ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ اﻳﺮاﻧﻴﺎن اﻣﻜﺎن ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻣﻲداﻧﻨﺪ ]...