Abstract:
Introduction: The present study aimed at investigating the effects of listening to three types of music during exercise on heart rate, blood pressure, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and fatigue onset time.Material and Methods: 15 female students of physical education with the mean age of 21.93±2.43 year's height of 161.8±5.22 centimeters and weight of 54.46±7.27 kilograms were randomly selected as the participants from 45 volunteers. After warm-up, the participants started pedaling at 80-85% of maximum heart rate until exhaustion. The participants performed this exercise on four different days (with a one-week interval). The first exercise session was performed without listening to music, the second session was accompanied with some exciting music, the third session was held with soft, relaxing music and the last one with arbitrary music. RPE was recorded every 3 minutes during the exercise. After exhaustion, RPE, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and fatigue onset time were recorded. One-way ANOVA (F) was used to analyze the data and LSD test was run to compare the differences (P≤0.05).Results: Listening to exciting music during exercise significantly affects heart rate, RPE and fatigue onsettime but not systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Listening to relaxing music during exercise significantly affects heart rate and systolic blood pressure but not diastolic blood pressure, RPE and fatigue onset time. Listening to arbitrary music, as selected by the participants themselves, during exercise significantly affects heart rate, systolic blood pressure, RPE and fatigue onset time but not diastolic blood pressure.Discussion and Conclusion: Understanding the effects of music genre on the variables examined may help the athletes select a proper genre of music based on the type of exercise they do. For example, listening to exciting and arbitrary types of music significantly increases heart rate while relaxing music significantly decreases heart rate.
Machine summary:
"Results: Listening to exciting music during exercise significantly affects heart rate, RPE and fatigue onsettime but not systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Listening to relaxing music during exercise significantly affects heart rate and systolic blood pressure but not diastolic blood pressure, RPE and fatigue onset time.
Listening to arbitrary music, as selected by the participants themselves, during exercise significantly affects heart rate, systolic blood pressure, RPE and fatigue onset time but not diastolic blood pressure.
Copland and Franks (1991) investigated the effects of different genres of music on heart rate, RPE and fatigue time in 24 college students while they were running on the treadmill.
Does listening to music during exercise affect the physiological factors such as heart rate, blood pressure, RPE and fatigue onset time in the female students of physical education?
This is consistent with the findings of Khoram [5], Fathollahi [11], Ghaderi [26], Ahmedi [27], Szmedra et al [3], Knight and Richard [18], Meeks et al [28], Nethery [7], Maraki et al [29] and Yamashita et al [12], but it is inconsistent with findings of Nikbakhsh [19] and Lee Crust [21].
In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that the mean fatigue onset time and mean heart rate were significantly higher in the participants while they were listening to exciting and arbitrary music compared to relaxing and no music.
Investigating the effects of listening to exciting and classical music on running time, salivary cortisol concentration and RPE during one session training to the exhaustion limit in the male students of physical education."