Machine summary:
"First, it seems to be related to the selection of the objectives upon which there has been no general agreement during the historical development of foreign language teaching and which ,as was the case with the concept of"communication"discussed earlier, caused confusion and uncertainty in the field.
From what has been discusscd above ,we may now conclude that(a) communication includes a knowledge of language skills- both oral and written-, language elements, and culture as well,(b)communicative use of language should be practiced at all levels of instruction, and(c)the objective of foreign language learning is not always the development of native- like proficiency.
In a similar way, the fifth objective,"the development of the students knowledge of foreign culture, should be eliminated as well because we concluded that communication involves not only the ability of using language skills but also an understanding of the ways of life and thikning of people who use that language natively.
The variety of objectives, which seems to have created certain confusion and uncertainty in accepting this common goal of language teaching and learning, resulted from different degrees of emphasis given to the development of particular language skills or elements during different periods in the past.
Furthermore, the findings of several experiments during the last couple of decades also support the possibility of attaining the communication goal in language teaching and learning(see, for example, Oiler & Obrecht, 1968; Jarvis, 1970; Savigon, 1972)."