Abstract:
The city spatial organization is the order resulted from citizens’preferences at their life space or the orderamong roles of elements which introduces the city as a whole (system). There has been a purposeful orderand also a permanent association among the elements which this creates a meaning as a coherent entiretyand single identity. The most important reason which makes the cities different from each other, is theirdifferent spatial organization which this difference results from the variety of orders in the cities as a system.To understand the totality of Tabriz and its spatial organization, it is necessary to discover the order of thecity elements and results from surveying the relation between spatial organization indicators, is necessary.Discovering of order that dominates the city elements and also results from surveying the relation betweenspatial organization indicators is necessary to understand the totality of Tabriz and its spatial organization.
The aim of this paper is to analyze Tabriz spatial organization from early Islam to Gajar era according tosystemic theory and to determine the rules of Tabriz spatial organization. Results of this research revealsthat the widespread communicationbetween East and West and also earth structure limits at the northwestarea of Iran are the factors which set up the city. Earthquake and neighboring countries attacks are thethreatening factors throughout history. These factors have an important role in Tabriz spatial organization.By analyzing the city spatial organization indicators and their changes in historic eras, the rules of Tabrizspatial organization was defined: The city center in the process of city changes was a fixed element and alsoan identity for the city, the city territory had a fixed condition and was being changed in every period, theneighborhoods of the city had been influenced by the fixed city center and also had been located according tothe main paths of the city and the city structure as a distinct and unique element has relatively radial networkfrom center toward the main edges of the city. The method of this research has been descriptive- analytic andthe library has been used to collect data and also data were analyzed by using the historical documents suchas travel pieces, pictorial documents and also rational perceptions.
سازمان فضایی شهر نظم حاصل از تبلور ذهنیت شهروندان در فضای زندگی انها یا نظم میان نقش عناصری است که شهر را به عنوان یک کل (سیستم) معرفی میکند. مهمترین علت متمایز شدن شهرها از یکدیگر سازمان فضایی متفاوت انهاست که این تمایز از اختلاف نظم هر یک از شهرها به عنوان یک سیستم ناشی میشود. برای پی بردن به کلیت شهر تبریز و سازمان فضایی ان، کشف نظم حاکم بر اجزای شهر که در نتیجه بررسی ارتباط میان شاخصهای سازمان فضایی این شهر است، ضروری مینماید.
هدف این پژوهش ان است که با استناد به نظریه سیستمی، به بررسی تحولات سازمان فضایی شهر تبریز از اوایل اسلام تا دوره قاجار پرداخته و قانونمندیهای حاکم بر سازمان فضایی این شهر را تبیین کند. نتایج این پژوهش حاکی از ان است که ارتباط گسترده شرق و غرب و محدودیتهای ساختار زمین در منطقه شمالغرب ایران به عنوان عوامل برپاسازنده شهر و همچنین زلزله و حملههای کشورهای همسایه به عنوان عوامل تهدیدکننده ان در طول تاریخ، نقش حايز اهمیتی در تحولات سازمان فضایی شهر تبریز ایفا کردهاند. با بررسی شاخصهای سازمان فضایی شهر و سیر تحولات انها در طول دورههای تاریخی، قواعد حاکم بر سازمان فضایی شهر تبریز به قرار زیر تعیین شد : مرکزیت شهر در روند تحولات شهر عنصری ثابت و هویتبخش به ان بوده، قلمرو شهر وضعی بیثبات داشته و در هر دوره در حال تغییر بوده، کلهایکوچک شهر تحت تاثیر مرکزیت ثابت و گذرهای اصلی شهر مکانیابی شده و ساختار شهر به عنوان عنصری شاخص، دارای شبکهای نسبتا شعاعی از مرکز به سوی لبههای شهر بوده است. روش تحقیق در این پژوهش از نوع توصیفی- تحلیلی و جمع اوری اطلاعات به شیوه کتابخانهای بوده و با بهرهگیری از مستندات تاریخی از جمله سفرنامهها، اسناد تصویری و همچنین استنباطهای عقلی به تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها پرداخته شده است.
Machine summary:
The second group includes the papers such as the History of the Fortification Wall and Gates of Tabriz (Vahab Zadeh, 1955), Rereading the Sahib Abad Square based on pictures of Chardin and Matrakchi (Hanachi & Sardroud, 1965), Spatial Structure of Tabriz in Safavid era (Balilan, 1975), Physical Structure of Tabriz and its Changes in Last Two Decades (Vahab Zadeh, 1955), The Analyzing the Process of Development in Ilkhani Urbanization with Analyzing on City Development (Mohamad Moradi, Jaafarpour Naser, 1972), which these studies often analyze a part of the growth and elements of one or several historical periods in a particular era that are separately valuable sources for presenting comprehensive and united analysis from Tabriz evolution.
To explain the city spatial organization in first era, it can be named the centrality in Jami mosque area and the south of meydan chiy (Mehran river), bazar as a structural element which connected center to the gates of the city and the city territory which was defined by building new fortification wall each time.
How the important elements of the city like Kabood mosque, Alishah castle, Hasan Padishah complex, Sahib Abad garden and Bayim garden has been placed inside the fortification wall, defines the approximate domain of the city.