Abstract:
هدف این مقاله بررسی تربیت انسان از دیدگاه رابیندرانات تاگور می باشد. روش گردآوری اطلاعات اسنادی است و شیوه کار توصیفی، تحلیلی و بخشی استنتاجی می باشد. بر اساس نگاه کلی نگر تاگور، وی تربیت را انسان گرایانه و بشر دوستانه و هدف آن را متوازن ساختن زندگی بشر با کل هستی می داند تاگور، علاوه بر تاکید به سازواری ابعاد انسانی، یگانگی انسان ها و پیوند طبیعت با انسان را خاطر نشان شده و دوران کودکی را در تحقق این مهم کلیدی می داند؛ با این نگاه است که او ملیگرایی تهاجمی را در تضاد با یگانگی دانسته و وحدت، همدردی و همدلی در لباس توجه به قشر فقیر و محروم بویژه دختران و دنیایی عاری از تبعیض را متذکر میشود. پس پیام ضمنی و آشکار تربیتی این اندیشه، برای جامعه کنونی ایران چه می تواند باشد؟ از نظر پژوهشگر چنین استنباط میشود که با توجه به تکثر قومیتی، نژادی و فرهنگی ایران، می توان از اندیشه تاگور به عنوان یکی از الگوهای تربیتی وحدت بخش یاد کرد.
1- Introduction In ancient times, philosophizing was not mere theorizing, and the philosopher did not count on the mere consideration of the equations of the universe and nature: "The fundamental lesson of philosophy is" inviting man to change himself, "and therefore, philosophy, must be the process of" transformation through existence, life, and the search for wisdom. ""(Davidson, A.I.: 1990). According to Swami Sivananda, "philosophy, the perfection of knowledge (Vedanta), and the knowledge of the eternal existence of Brahmavidya, which speaks of the infinite existence of the mode of asension (Yogasastra). Philosophy, consciousness of existence, wisdom, and mind your way to reason. An ethical and rational epistemic, which, in the light of reason and law, and the delivery of the phenomena of the universe to their ultimate causes, tries to reveal the reality of supernatural phenomena. "In the meantime, the thought of a person such as Tagore can guide and send messages on the path to excellence. Tagore considers the unity of humanity with divinity to be the ultimate goal of the path, and imagines that a multitude of people has the divine unit, and the true backing of this spiritual alliance is love. Man is, above all else, a lover, and he has love, freedom, and perfection with man. Love is another name for understanding perfection.This perception of the existence, which leads to the unity of man with the whole - the penetrating soul: "In love, the differences are overwhelming, and the human soul brings about its perfection, as it comes and ends in the infinite tower. Therefore, love is a great prosperity. This conception and this look in the world can have clear and implicit messages for education. These messages are sometimes expressed by themselves, sometimes by other people, and in this article, they intend to include additional implicit messages in addition to their expression and extraction.The present article seeks to examine the educational outlook of this noble poet of the Indian subcontinent, in the framework of his worldview and his philosophy.A study of the specific angles of life, experiences, and ideas of this thinker makes us aware of the value of his thoughts and activities and allows us to apply the results and implications of the plan to the present. Research methodology Descriptive, analytical, and inference is a descriptive method. In theoretical foundations, Latin resources and mainly scientific articles were used. In the part of educational findings and ideas, in addition to the point of view of Tagore and other scholars, the implications and implications of the scholar were based on his theoretical foundations. Discussion Education without foundation and especially philosophical foundations cannot be trusted and cited. Most of the principles and methods of education in the world, and even Iran, are based on Western foundations. But with the knowledge of the boundaries of knowledge, it can be used along with Western, Iranian and Islamic foundations of Eastern ideas like India. Because in Tagore's thought is devoted to issues that are valuable, such as unity, empathy and unity of human societies; finally, Indian cultural similarities - at least with the West - with Iran, concerns and similar issues to the peoples of this region, such as identity preservation while universal unity. Globalization can have good messages for educational systems, especially Iran. In the field of education of Tagore, education is regarded as a means of deliverance, escape, and the means of human excellence on a global and all-wise and comprehensive level. "The conditions of education are imposed on children," says Tagore, "those who have not committed a sin and do not deserve to be punished. Do not allow the goals of education to fail due to its methods. The flow of education, even the most modest, is easy and natural, with the least suffering (Roy, 1916). In the training and skills of women and girls, Tagore was a precursor between the points and the paternal who, while identifying the vacuum of neglect of the role of girls and their disastrous consequences, set foot. Tagore believes that the coherence of school with society is a necessity and we have to link rational education to artistic and professional education that deals with the emotions and feelings of a person. Therefore, he himself included music and literature in his curriculum (Tripathi, V.: 2011).The importance and priority of art in the teaching of the Tagore is that of the child's imagination and the uniformity of its diverse personality. Art is for him both the language of education and its content and relation with the general unity and spirituality. And finally believed that nationalistic tendencies with global thoughts and feelings are not necessarily inconsistent. The ideal human being in has the benefit of a true spirit that fulfills regional and national interests, and its geography of democracy is transcendental and even beyond. In fact, Tagore believes in cultural integration and global unity and denounces aggressive nationalism (Das, D, 2014). Conclusion India is a region in southern Asia. The vast ocean of wondrous philosophies, cultures, religions, and history that brings with it a sense of enthusiasm, joy, and pleasure to anyone. Rabindranath Tagore Tagore is the most experienced Indian pedal. The artistic and wise poet of the artist, who, with a single copy of his predecessors, and the benefit of other cultures and new ideas, was able to make progress in the development of human thought and civilization, and to contribute to the promotion and promotion of great human values in his own contribution. His multidimensional philosophy is an open and deep approach to the truth of the universe, the world and the universe; a comprehensive view of life and the indissoluble bond of all its elements; it combines philosophy with mysticism, which teaches infinite love, spiritual aspirations, and absolute liberty. The pedagogical views of Tagore are reflected in his Shantiniktan, the University of Visawabarathi and the Sherinakatan Center, and his works and life. He believes in the possibility of recognizing the truth that exists throughout the world and the existence of a serous man. Education is a flow of understanding of this fact, and it wants to establish a strong and continuous relationship between human flourishing. It is only a free and creative person who can use his capacity, under the guidance of mentors and mentors, to understand the inner world of the universe and to help achieve the individual and collective supreme educational goals in various fields of national and international scholarship. References Abercrombie, N.; Hill, S.; Turner, B.S. Dictionary of Sociology. Penguin, London and New York. 1994. Aruma, Marie J. Tagore's Philosophy of Life, A study of Sadhana; Rupkatha journal on interdisciplinary studies in humanities. 2 (4), 504 – 512. 2010. Audi, Robert. The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy. Second ed., Cambridge University Press.1999. Bhattacharya, Asoke. Tagore on the Right Education for India; Asia-pacific journal of social science.1 (2), 21-47. 2009. Collinson, D., Plant, K., & Wilkinson, R. 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Machine summary:
بر اساس نگاه کلي نگر تاگور، وي تربيت را انسان گرايانه و بشر دوستانه و هدف آن را متوازن ساختن زندگي بشر با کل هستي مي داند تاگور، علاوه بر تاکيد به سازواري ابعاد انساني ، يگانگي انسان ها و پيوند طبيعت با انسان را خاطر نشان شده و دوران کودکي را در تحقق اين مهم کليدي مي داند؛ با اين نگاه است که او ملي گرايي تهاجمي را در تضاد با يگانگي دانسته و وحدت ، همدردي و همدلي در لباس توجه به قشر فقير و محروم بويژه دختران و دنيايي عاري از تبعيض را متذکر مي شود.
استحکام وجودي تاگور بر تاريخ گسترده ي هند و مساعي ژرف و طويل و روح و همت نستوه خود او، در مطالعه جامع و نافذ انسان متکي است ؛ آنسان که در بهره گيري ازآراء بديع و منيع چهره هاي بزرگ عالم و انتقال و تحويل آنها، به نحو بايسته ، در ميدان تربيت بشر به توفيقات برجسته اي نائل مي شود و تنديسي از شور، سوز و پايمردي الهام بخش خود را فراروي همگان بر ميافرازد.
در اين عرصه ، دوي آر راما (٢٠١٣)، نيز تربيت و ارزش ها در افکار هند مدرن ، براساس انديشه هاي تاگور مورد بررسي قرار گرفته است .
Educational Philosophy of Rabindranath Tagore; International journal of research in humanities arts and literature.