Abstract:
Little research has been carried out on the common symptoms and mental disorders in Iranian elite athletes. The purpose of this study was to identify the mental health problems in Iranian elite athletes as a retrospective study at the National Olympic Academy (NOA) of Iran. The present study is a cross-sectional and retrospective descriptive study which was conducted by evaluating the athletes' psychological documents. A total of 143 athletes (male, n= 83, female, n= 60) were analyzed from the population of elite athletes (n=240) who referred to the mental training and consulting center in the NOA during the years 2007-2021. The results showed that most athletes referred to the center to improve their performance (37.8%). Anxiety (27.3%), depression (16.8%), interpersonal problems (11.2%), impulsiveness (2.8%) post-traumatic stress (PTSD) (2.8%), sleep disturbance (1.4%) were the most common mental disorders reported by athletes. In addition, surveying the relationship between demographic characteristics and mental health issues revealed a relationship between gender and mental health problems; there was no relationship between other demographic variables with mental health problems. The results of this study illuminate the spread of common mental health problems in Iranian elite athletes over the last fourteen years. Screening and diagnosing psychological problems provide a better understanding of the application of appropriate psychological interventions and improving the mental health of elite athletes. Accordingly, future research may focus on better understanding of mental health problems reported in this study and studies them in a larger population.
ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮی در ﻣﻮرد ﻋﻼﯾﻢ و اﺧﺘﻼﻻت رواﻧﯽ ﺷﺎﯾﻊ در ورزﺷﮑﺎران ﻧﺨﺒﻪ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ روان ورزﺷﮑﺎران ﻧﺨﺒﻪ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ در اﮐﺎدﻣﯽ ﻣﻠﯽ اﻟﻤﭙﯿﮏ) NOA ( ﺑﻮد. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﯾﮏ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﮥ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ - ﻣﻘﻄﻌﯽ از ﻧﻮع ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪﻧﮕﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﺗﻌﺪاد 143 ورزﺷﮑﺎر) ﻣﺮد، 83؛ زن، 60 (از ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ورزﺷﮑﺎران ﻧﺨﺒﻪ) 200=n (ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﻣﺸﺎوره و ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎی ذﻫﻨﯽ در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎی 1385 اﻟﯽ 1397 ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﻏﻠﺐ ورزﺷﮑﺎران ﻧﺨﺒﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارﺗﻘﺎی ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺧﻮد ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﺮده ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ) 37/8 درﺻﺪ (. ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ اﺧﺘﻼﻻت اﺿﻄﺮاﺑﯽ) 27/3%(، اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﯽ) 16,8%(، ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﺑﯿﻦ ﻓﺮدی) 2/11%(، ﺗﮑﺎﻧﺸﮕﺮی) 2% /8 (اﺳﺘﺮس ﭘﺲ از ﺳﺎﻧﺤﻪ) PTSD () 2/8%(، اﺧﺘﻼل ﺧﻮاب) 1/4%(ﺷﺎﯾﻊﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﺧﺘﻼﻻت رواﻧﯽ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ورزﺷﮑﺎران ﺑﻮد. در اداﻣﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎی ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و ﺳﻼﻣﺖ روان ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺎن ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺖ و ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﺳﻼﻣﺖ روان ارﺗﺒﺎط وﺟﻮد دارد اﻣﺎ ﻣﯿﺎن ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎی ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﺳﻼﻣﺖ روان راﺑﻄﻪای وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺷﯿﻮع ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ روان را در ورزﺷﮑﺎران ﻧﺨﺒﻪ ﻃﯽ ﯾﺎزده ﺳﺎل اﺧﯿﺮ روﺷﻦ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻏﺮﺑﺎﻟﮕﺮی و ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ درک ﺑﻬﺘﺮی از ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮی اﺧﺘﻼﻻت رواﻧﯽ در ﻣﯿﺎن ورزﺷﮑﺎران ﻧﺨﺒﻪ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ.