Machine summary:
1 It was directed, in its first wave of agitation, against Ottoman Turkish suzerainty,» which under the {r) It is historically not tenable to maintain that the political aspect of Arab nationalism got its expression only after the rise to power, and as a consequence of, .
moment,' when the 'separatist' feelings were strong in the Empire; (iii) they did not rectify the flaws of the Midhat constitution with regard to the Millets problem; (iv) they used their power to promote' Turkish' interests and throw· away the principle of equality; ( v) they were· influenced by Pan-Turan: · movement which asserted the principle of Turanian nationalism and worked for the reunion of the kindred population of Turanian descent, who at _that time were under Russian rule; and thus contradicted their own doctrine of· Ottomanism:, according.
15 Firstly, in the pre First World War period there were four Allied Powers-Britain, France, Czarist Russia and Italy which revealed their keen interest in different parts of the dwindling Ottoman Empire.
22, II: 12) (3) Sykes-Picot Agreement ( 26 April-23 October 1916) which was a secret pact between Britain, France and Russia for the partition of Anatolia, Syria, and Mesopotamia.
is also the reason officially given in the Foreign Office Note on the Sykes-Picot Agreement included in Sharie Leslie, Mark Sykes: His Life and Letters, ( London, 1923 )250-8.
j (a) guaranteeing Arab freedom; ( b) maintaining Britain's vital territorial and maritime interests; and ( c) recognizing French political ambitions, were to be reconciled at the same time and in the same region.