Machine summary:
At Basra and at Kufa, besides other kinds of studies, the first gramma• tical studies were also flourishing, Their scholars discussed the rules of Arabic idiom from different and in many respects divergent points of view: this is why in Arabic grammatical literature so many references have been made to the schools of Basra and Kufa, and to their divergencies and conflicting theories (ikhtilaf al Basriyyin wal·Kufiyyin), which were later collected by Abul-Barakat 'Abdarrahman al-Anbari (died in 577/1181-2), a professor of the academy of an-Nizamiyya of Baghdad.
The place taken by al-Mubarrad in the school of Basra was occupied in the school of Kufa by Abul-'Abbas Yahya Tha'Iab (died in 291/903-4);· His best known work is the Kitab al-fasih("The Book of Eloquence"}, which states the correct usage, that is, the usage conforming to the classical language,-· ······-···- - ·- al-lughat al-fusha, of some ambiguous words and expressions.
. In the poetical circle of Sayf ad-daula the most prominent place was taken by Abu-Ta yyib al- Mutanabbi, whose biography itself gives evidence of the patronage of literature of that time at the different princely courts of the world of Islam.
The cultivation of artistic prose in Arabic literature was due to the circumstance that as early as the beginning of the Abbasid caliphate the rulers ordered a great many narrative works to be translated from Persian into Arabic.