چکیده:
The term "Silk Road" was first used in 1876 AD (1292 AH. / 1254 ASH.) by a German geographer and tourist during his travel to China. Richthofen chose this name for the vast network of roads connecting Asia and Europe, from the China Sea to Central and Western Asia, especially the Iranian plateau, and Anatolia to the Mediterranean coast. This nomenclature was influenced by several circumstances and factors at the time, and this article examines the background of this nomenclature and explores this question based on the explanation of historical and literary data: What role has Iranian culture and art, including brocade (Zarbaft) produced in Central Asia played in naming the network of ancient trade and cultural roads as the "Silk Road"? Much research has been done on the role of Iran and its culture and civilization on roads, cultural interactions, and the common heritage of roadside communities, but the role of Iranian culture, history, art, and heritage in nomenclature of the Silk Road has not been studied. Scholars attribute it to the culture and history and role of Chinese silk, and the Chinese silk trade, regardless of the time of its naming and the effective reasons for using the name Silk Road in the 19th century; but in the present article, the role of Iran and Iranian culture in this nomination has been studied.
خلاصه ماشینی:
This naming was influenced by several conditions and factors at that time, and this article, while examining the background of this naming, explores the following question based on the explanation of historical and literary data: What role did Iranian culture and art, including the Zarbaf produced in Central Asia and Iran, play in establishing the name "Silk Road" for the ancient commercial and cultural road network?
Under the assumption that the naming of the Silk Road followed the political and economic conditions of the world, and especially Central Asia—with Iranian culture—in the middle of the nineteenth century, the author emphasizes that some of the achievements of Iranian culture, such as Persian literature, Iranian culture, and Iranian Zarbaf as a precious commodity, which are considered the shared heritage of Iran and Central Asia, played a role in this naming.
He entered Shanghai on September 5, 1868 (17 Jumada al-Thani 1275) 2 and traveled from east to west across China; then, following the routes where the ancient commercial highways between China, Central Asia, and Iran were located, he continued his exploratory journeys and finally published the achievements of his travels in a five-volume book titled China: Results of own trips and studies based on them 3 in the year 1877 (1292 AH / 1254 SH) in Berlin, and the term "Silk Road" (in German: die Seidenstraße) 4 was applied for the first time in this book by him to the collection of commercial and cultural roads from East Asia to Europe.
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