Abstract:
رویکرد این پژوهش آمیخته (کیفی – کمی) است، در بخش کیفی از روش پدیدار شناسی و در بخش کمی از روش توصیفی-پیمایشی بهره گرفته شد. نمونه آماری در بخش کیفی متخصصان و صاحب نظران حوزه علوم تربیتی، روانشناسی، جامعه شناسی و علوم اجتماعی بود. جامعهی آماری پژوهش در بخش کمی شامل کلیه دانشآموزان دورههای تحصیلی (ابتدایی، متوسطه اول و دوم)، والدین و کارکنان مدارس شهر ساری و نکا بوده است. روش نمونهگیری در بخش کیفی هدفمند و در بخش کمی خوشهای به صورت چند مرحلهای است که تعداد 386 نفر به عنوان نمونه آماری جهت بررسی انتخاب شدند. برای تعیین حجم نمونه مورد نظر از فرمول کوکران استفاده شد. ابزار گردآوری دادههای پژوهش در بخش کیفی مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته و در بخش کمی پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بود که روایی صوری و محتوایی پرسشنامه مورد تأیید متخصصان و اساتید قرار گرفت و پایایی پرسشنامه از طریق ضریب آلفای کرونباخ در یک مطالعه مقدماتی بر روی 40 نفر94/0 محاسبه شد. تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها از طریق تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که چهار عامل فرایندها (16 شاخص)، زیرساختها (12 شاخص)، عوامل داخلی (9 شاخص) و عوامل خارجی (9 شاخص) در توانمندسازی مدارس در حوزه نظام مراقبت اجتماعی دانشآموزان تأثیرگذار هستند.
The purpose of this study is Identification of effective factors on empowerment of schools with emphasis on social care system of students. The research method is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the study included the entire student academic levels (Elementary, first and second secondary), The parents and staff of the schools were in Sari and Neka. sampling method Multi-stage cluster is used that 386 were selected as the sample population for study. To estimate the number of sample population, the Cochran formula was used and for date collection researcher made questionnaire were used, that Face and Content Validity questionnaire were confirmed using the comments of experts. reliability of questionnaires through The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated in a preliminary study on 40 individuals (0.94). Data analysis was performed through exploratory factor analysis in SPSS21 software. The results showed that four factors of the processes (16 indicators), infrastructure (12 indicators), internal factors (9 indicators) and external factors (9 indicators) affect the empowerment of schools in the field of social care system of students. The purpose of this study is Identification of effective factors on empowerment of schools with emphasis on social care system of students. The research method is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the study included the entire student academic levels (Elementary, first and second secondary), The parents and staff of the schools were in Sari and Neka. sampling method Multi-stage cluster is used that 386 were selected as the sample population for study. To estimate the number of sample population, the Cochran formula was used and for date collection researcher made questionnaire were used, that Face and Content Validity questionnaire were confirmed using the comments of experts. reliability of questionnaires through The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated in a preliminary study on 40 individuals (0.94). Data analysis was performed through exploratory factor analysis in SPSS21 software. The results showed that four factors of the processes (16 indicators), infrastructure (12 indicators), internal factors (9 indicators) and external factors (9 indicators) affect the empowerment of schools in the field of social care system of students. The purpose of this study is Identification of effective factors on empowerment of schools with emphasis on social care system of students. The research method is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the study included the entire student academic levels (Elementary, first and second secondary), The parents and staff of the schools were in Sari and Neka. sampling method Multi-stage cluster is used that 386 were selected as the sample population for study. To estimate the number of sample population, the Cochran formula was used and for date collection researcher made questionnaire were used, that Face and Content Validity questionnaire were confirmed using the comments of experts. reliability of questionnaires through The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated in a preliminary study on 40 individuals (0.94). Data analysis was performed through exploratory factor analysis in SPSS21 software. The results showed that four factors of the processes (16 indicators), infrastructure (12 indicators), internal factors (9 indicators) and external factors (9 indicators) affect the empowerment of schools in the field of social care system of students. The purpose of this study is Identification of effective factors on empowerment of schools with emphasis on social care system of students. The research method is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the study included the entire student academic levels (Elementary, first and second secondary), The parents and staff of the schools were in Sari and Neka. sampling method Multi-stage cluster is used that 386 were selected as the sample population for study. To estimate the number of sample population, the Cochran formula was used and for date collection researcher made questionnaire were used, that Face and Content Validity questionnaire were confirmed using the comments of experts. reliability of questionnaires through The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated in a preliminary study on 40 individuals (0.94). Data analysis was performed through exploratory factor analysis in SPSS21 software. The results showed that four factors of the processes (16 indicators), infrastructure (12 indicators), internal factors (9 indicators) and external factors (9 indicators) affect the empowerment of schools in the field of social care system of students. The purpose of this study is Identification of effective factors on empowerment of schools with emphasis on social care system of students. The research method is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the study included the entire student academic levels (Elementary, first and second secondary), The parents and staff of the schools were in Sari and Neka. sampling method Multi-stage cluster is used that 386 were selected as the sample population for study. To estimate the number of sample population, the Cochran formula was used and for date collection researcher made questionnaire were used, that Face and Content Validity questionnaire were confirmed using the comments of experts. reliability of questionnaires through The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated in a preliminary study on 40 individuals (0.94). Data analysis was performed through exploratory factor analysis in SPSS21 software. The results showed that four factors of the processes (16 indicators), infrastructure (12 indicators), internal factors (9 indicators) and external factors (9 indicators) affect the empowerment of schools in the field of social care system of students. The purpose of this study is Identification of effective factors on empowerment of schools with emphasis on social care system of students. The research method is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the study included the entire student academic levels (Elementary, first and second secondary), The parents and staff of the schools were in Sari and Neka. sampling method Multi-stage cluster is used that 386 were selected as the sample population for study. To estimate the number of sample population, the Cochran formula was used and for date collection researcher made questionnaire were used, that Face and Content Validity questionnaire were confirmed using the comments of experts. reliability of questionnaires through The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated in a preliminary study on 40 individuals (0.94). Data analysis was performed through exploratory factor analysis in SPSS21 software. The results showed that four factors of the processes (16 indicators), infrastructure (12 indicators), internal factors (9 indicators) and external factors (9 indicators) affect the empowerment of schools in the field of social care system of students.
Machine summary:
با توجه به آنچه که مطرح شد؛ هدف اصلي پژوهش حاضر پاسخگويي به اين سؤال است که عوامل مؤثر بر توانمندسازي مدارس با تأکيد بر نظام مراقبت اجتماعي دانش آموزان کدام ها هستند؟ مباني نظري دانش آموزان هر جامعه به عنوان قشر کارآمد و آينده سازان هر کشور، گروهي هستند که بخش عمده برنامه ريزي و بودجه هر کشور را به خود اختصاص مي دهند و تعليم و تربيت آنها به منظور کسب موفقيت در آينده از اهميت بسزايي برخوردار است ( & Ghanbari ٢٠١٦ ,Soltanzadeh).
( Rhodes, 2009 &Dorostkar Ahmadi, 2017 در زمينه علل و عوامل رفتارهاي پر خطر، اعتياد و کج روي هاي دانش آموزان در کشور ايران مطالعات و پژوهش هاي متعدد جامعه شناسي و روانشناسي انجام شده است ، اما از آنجايي که برنامه هاي آموزشي پيشگيرانه مدرسه محور هنوز در آغاز راه بوده و جايگاه علمي چنداني در مدارس پيدا نکرده اند، در زمينه نقش مدرسه و يا چگونگي توانمندسازي آنها در ايران تحقيقي صورت نگرفته است ، اما بر عکس در کشورهاي توسعه يافته به طور جدي در اين زمينه برنامه ريزي و سرمايه گذاري شده است .
(Research and Educational Planning,2016 منظور از نظام مراقبت اجتماعي دانش آموزان مجموعه اي نظام يافته از خدمات و برنامه ها، شامل غربالگري، آموزش ، توانمندسازي و حمايت هاي رواني، به منظور مراقبت دانش آموزان در برابر رفتارهاي پرخطر، آسيب هاي اجتماعي و جرائم از طريق مداخله به موقع و مؤثر است (٢٠١٦ ,National Coalition of Students Social Care System).
يافته هاي پژوهش جهت بررسي شناسايي عوامل مؤثر بر توانمندسازي مدارس با تأکيد بر نظام مراقبت اجتماعي دانش آموزان از تحليل عاملي اکتشافي استفاده شد.