Abstract:
اصطلاح متافیزیک عشق در فلسفه سینوی بررسی سه محور چیستی، چرایی، و چگونگی عشق در منظومه فکری ابن سینا میباشد و حاصل آن نیز نظریه عشق سینوی است. با بررسی آراء ابن سینا درباره عشق علی الخصوص نظرات وی در رساله عشق میتوان دریافت که ابن سینا دو تعریف را از عشق بیان کرده است (چیستی)، و در فصول هفتگانه رساله عشق اذعان داشته است که عشق جوهری فراگیر در سراسر هستی است و موجودی خالی از این جوهر نیست و بر این اساس، عشق عامل وجودی موجودات میباشد (چرایی). از سوی دیگر، ابن سینا ذیل هر فصل چگونگی جریان و سریان و همچنین وابستگی موجودات به عشق را نیز تبیین کرده است (چگونگی). نتیجه فهم و بررسی این سه محور گفته شده در آراء ابن سینا که هدف پژوهش حاضر میباشد نظریه عشق سینوی را به دنبال داشته است که جهانبینی ابن سینا در باره عشق را نشان میدهد.
The metaphysical concept of love in Sinawi philosophy examines the three axes of the essence, reason, and manner of love in Avicenna’s intellectual system, resulting in Avicenna’s theory of love. By examining Avicenna’s views on love, particularly in his treatise on love, it can be understood that he has presented two definitions of love (essence), and in the seven chapters of the treatise on love, he admits that love is a pervasive essential substance throughout existence, and no creature is devoid of this substance. It can, therefore, be argued that love is the cause of the existence of creatures (reason). On the other hand, Avicenna has also explained the flow and dependence of creatures on love under each chapter (manner). The result of understanding and examining these three axes in Avicenna’s views, which is the goal of this research, has led to the theory of Sinawi love, which shows Avicenna’s worldview on love. Extended Abstract Introduction The article "A critical look at the grace-oriented approach in Islamic philosophy and its consequences in education and training" (Bagheri, 2010) aims to promote an attitude that includes the genealogy of Islamic philosophy in philosophy by degrading all the schools of Islamic philosophy under the title "grace-oriented approach". Greek has searched and with the help of this accusation, Ghazali's slander blade is considered to be successful and effective in confronting Islamic wisdom. This article, without the least scientific and technical support and with only a little criticism of the two theories of "sequentialism" and "parallelism" in education, claims to invent and innovate a theory called "asynchronous parallelism" and only explains its theory with an analogy. It has been proven and has the ability to be implemented on a macro level. In addition, regarding his claim, he did not analyze the theoretical or empirical foundations of ontology and anthropology, and did not express the essential difference between it and the competing theories, and abandoned it with all ambiguity. This review is an article that has challenged the ancient and deep foundation of Islamic wisdom in order to express innovation. As it is evident from the title of the article "A critical look at the grace-oriented approach in Islamic philosophy", the entire Islamic philosophy, not a specific philosopher or a specific approach, is in the crosshairs of the article. This range is due to the expansion of the theory of "existence creation" in philosophical ontology. Although the article claims that the sharp edge of the criticism is directed at Sadr al-Mutalahin, but he deviates from this direction in some places of the text and directs his objections to the whole of Islamic philosophy and with unsupported claims and statements about the history of philosophical issues, in an attempt to establish the context and plan his purpose. Methods The investigation of the claims of that article about the background of philosophical issues has been done based on following the critique based on explanation. In the first place, the sources and documents of the claimants were questioned and the demand was made, so that the lack of supports and the poverty of the documents were revealed. Then, the claimant has been evaluated in the context of an unsubstantiated claim. In this direction, for the purpose of dispelling doubts, it has been tried to explain the philosophical issues and the current context, and for the intellectual need, so that the stable roots and lasting necessity are evident to them. Findings The research shows that the doubts of the opponents arise from self-reading without training from technical experts. The imitation of Ghazali by the opponents of Islamic philosophy is enough to show this fact alone. Ghazali himself is a person who was an unseen philosophical teacher and disciple, and by trusting Ash'ari thought, he sought to oppose and fight with philosophical thought, and the praisers and seekers of his method, including the article under review, have been fed up with this. Also, without evaluating the historical context and the causes of the appearance of any idea in its historical context, a theory cannot achieve success. Conclusion Considering the historical course of philosophical issues, none of the inverted claims of the article about the historical course of issues can provide a destructive foundation for philosophical theories and provide justification for what the article calls "criticism", let alone inferences can be drawn from these inverted claims that in The theory of education has a certain degree of correctness. The historical view should be based on reliable historical sources and not on one-sided perceptions. Regarding scientific issues, this criterion should be verified by the experts of the same field, and any judgment by others will lead to distortion of the intention and deviation from the objective. The article in question does not meet this criterion, nor does it refer to the experts of Islamic philosophy in the genealogy of philosophical issues, and only favors the views of opponents such as Ghazali or Orientalists, who are at least as ignorant as each other of the ups and downs of deep and detailed issues. They have no philosophy. Therefore, the conclusion of this process, devoid of the correct historical background, can not put dust on the face of Islamic philosophy and take the name of scientific and methodical criticism, nor can it contribute to its alleged release in the education system.