چکیده:
اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﭼﺸﻢاﻧﺪاز زﻣﺎن ﺑﺮ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ رﺿﺎﯾﺖ از زﻧﺪﮔﯽ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺿﻄﺮاب داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮐﻪ ﯾﮏ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ از ﻧﻮع ﭘﯿﺶ آزﻣﻮن- ﭘﺲ ازﻣﻮن ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻮد، ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮی ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺧﻮﺷﻪای ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪای ﺗﻌﺪاد 30 ﻧﻔﺮ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﻪ دو ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺗﺤﺖ درﻣﺎن ﭼﺸﻢ اﻧﺪاز زﻣﺎن ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻫﯿﭻﮔﻮﻧﻪ درﻣﺎﻧﯽ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﮑﺮد. در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎی ﻓﻮق روی ﻫﺮ دو ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺠﺪدا اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. روش ﺟﻤﻊآوری دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ رﺿﺎﯾﺖ از زﻧﺪﮔﯽ داﯾﻨﺮ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران (1985) و اﺿﻄﺮاب ﺑﮏ و اﺳﺘﯿﺮ (1990) اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش آﻟﻔﺎی ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار آن ﺑﺮای ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎمه ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﺑﺎﻻی 0.7 ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از اﺟﺮای ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار SPSS در دو ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ و اﻧﺤﺮاف اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد و اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﯽ (آﻣﺎره ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﻮوارﯾﺎﻧﺲ) اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد درﻣﺎن ﭼﺸﻢاﻧﺪاز زﻣﺎن ﺑﺮ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ رﺿﺎﯾﺖ از زﻧﺪﮔﯽ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺿﻄﺮاب داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داری دارد؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎی ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان اﻇﻬﺎر داﺷﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺸﺎوران و درﻣﺎﻧﮕﺮان ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ از روﯾﮑﺮد ﭼﺸﻢ اﻧﺪاز زﻣﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان روشی ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻔﯿﺪ و ﻏﻨﯽ در اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ رﺿﺎﯾﺖ از زﻧﺪﮔﯽ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺿﻄﺮاب داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن در ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﯿﺮﻧﺪ.
The present research was aimed to examine the effectiveness of time perspective in increasing life satisfaction
and reducing students' anxiety. This research was semi-experimental, of a pre-test post-test type, with a control
group. The statistical population, including 30 individuals, was selected using a stratified cluster random
sampling method; and they were divided into two groups: experiment and control. The experiment group
received time perspective treatment, and the control group received no treatment. In the post-test stage, the
above questionnaires were implemented again for both groups. Data collection method was based on the
following questionnaires: Diner's et al (1985) life satisfaction questionnaire (1985), and Beck and Stir's (1990)
anxiety questionnaire. Using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the reliability of the questionnaires was calculated to
be greater than 0.7. Analysis of the data obtained from implementing the questionnaires was conducted through
SPSS software in two sections: descriptive (including mean and standard deviation), and inferential (covariance
analysis statistics). Research results showed that treatment based on time perspective had a significant impact on
increasing life satisfaction and reducing students' anxiety. Therefore, based on the findings of the present study,
we can state that consultants and therapists could use time perspective approach as a very useful, rich method
for increasing life quality and reducing students' anxiety.
خلاصه ماشینی:
علیرغم علاقه زیاد محققان به مطالعه نقش زمان بر کارکرد نوع بشر در سالهای گذشته ، اهمیت چشم انداز زمان در رفتارهای انسان برای برخی از پژوهشگران همچنان پوشیده است (استولارسکی ، بیتنر و زیمباردو٢٠١١،١١)، در این بین ، شواهدی وجود 1: Todorović & Mitrović 2: Forster, Grigsby, Bunyan, Unger & Valente 3: Garber, Keily & Martin 4.
فرضیه پژوهش : اثربخشی درمان چشم انداز زمان بر رضایت از زندگی و اضطراب دانشجویان برای تأیید یا رد فرضیه فوق از تحلیل کوواریانس چند متغیره استفاده شد که اطلاعات آن در جدول ٣ ارائه شده است : جدول ٣.
بحث و نتیجه گیری پژوهش حاضر از نوع پژوهش های آزمایشی با طرح پیش آزمون ، پس آزمون با گروه گواه است که به بررسـی اثربخشـی درمـان چشم انداز زمان بر رضایت از زندگی و کاهش اضطراب دانشجویان پرداخت ، یافته های بدست آمده تأثیر درمان چشم انـداز بـر رضایت از زندگی و کاهش اضطراب را نشان می دهد.
Effectiveness of Time Perspective in Increasing Life Satisfaction and Reducing Students' Anxiety Zinat Babaei M.
A Graduated in Department of Education Management, University of Kermanshah Public Administration Training Center, Kermanshah, Iran (Corresponding Author) Abstract The present research was aimed to examine the effectiveness of time perspective in increasing life satisfaction and reducing students' anxiety.
Research results showed that treatment based on time perspective had a significant impact on increasing life satisfaction and reducing students' anxiety.
Therefore, based on the findings of the present study, we can state that consultants and therapists could use time perspective approach as a very useful, rich method for increasing life quality and reducing students' anxiety.