چکیده:
In the modem world, the appeal of researchers to the study of the genesis of national cultures is one of the conditions for solving the problem of preserving monuments of spiritual and material culture. In the article, for the first time, an attempt was made to identify and substantiate the handwriting styles of the Arabic script, which were developed in the traditional culture of the Kazan Tatars. The penetration of Arabic graphics into the territory of the Middle Volga region was carried out from the middle of the 8th century thanks to diplomatic and trade relations: Kufic dirhams and ceramics and toreutics with epigraphic ornamentation entered the caravan route to the territory of the Bulgarian state. In the article can be traced the process of learning a stranger and developing his own culture of calligraphy in connection with Islamic art, developed on the territory of Transcaucasia, the Black Sea region, Khorezm, Iran, Asia Minor, the Middle East
خلاصه ماشینی:
The article is based on a holistic system approach to the problem of identifying the features of applying different styles of writing the Arabic alphabet in manuscript calligraphy and the material culture of the Tatars of the Middle Volga region.
Discussions The development of Islamic art is reflected in the writings of domestic researchers: Bartold (1965), Akimushkin (1987), in the studies of leading foreign scientists: Kazi Ahmed (1947) Asifa al-Hallab (1999), Alieva (2009), Burkhadt (2010), in which issues of formation and development of styles of calligraphic writing in the culture of Muslim people are studied.
Various aspects of the history of the hand-written calligraphy development in the culture of the Tatars of the Middle Volga region are considered in the studies of Vakhadi (1925), Usmanov (1979), Valeev (2006), where the influence of the Central Asian and Ottoman traditions on the formation of calligraphy in the book art was substantiated.
The development of Tatar calligraphy cannot be viewed in isolation from the art of other Muslim countries and above all Central Asia, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, with which the Volga Bulgaria of the pre-Mongol and Golden Horde periods, its successor Kazan Khanate, maintained close diplomatic and trade The study of Khan labels of the Kazan Khanate period (XV - early XVI centuries) shows that in manuscript calligraphy - in the office work - the styles "sulce", "divani" and "rikya" were used.