چکیده:
One of the most important contemporary political needs is to provide a successful theory of the state's political model in the present time that possesses greater legitimacy and efficiency. In this regard, re-reading democracy based on the historical, cultural, identity, religious, and philosophical components of Islamic nations allows Muslims to reconsider and utilize an indigenous political system that simultaneously enjoys the desirable characteristics of global democracies. In this context, while emphasizing the fluidity and skeptical nature of the concept of democracy, by setting aside the negative components of Western democracies, their positive features—such as maximum people's participation in governance, the possibility of criticizing the government, the expansion of freedom of expression, free elections, and the like—can be expanded. At the same time, in the intended democracy, religious teachings can be used as its desired value foundation. In this method, religion and its value teachings, along with the content of democratic governance and the set of new human achievements, are used as the method of governing. Therefore, considering Islamic teachings and with a Shia interpretation, among the most important features of the redefined skeptical democracy, one can point to real people's participation in the political decision-making process, the reduction of the gap between the people and the government, and the fair distribution of power among all segments of society.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In this regard, re-reading democracy based on the historical, cultural, identity, religious, and philosophical components of Islamic nations provides Muslims with the possibility to rethink and utilize a localized political system that, at the same time, enjoys the desirable characteristics of global democracies.
However, this issue is an important challenge in Islamic nations: should one hope for Western democracy, or are traditional methods of governance appropriate, or can a new definition of it be provided through the re-reading and rethinking of Western democracy, based on the contemporary needs and realities of Islamic society, such that it is efficient and successful based on the historical, cultural, racial, geographical, and religious components of Islamic nations?
Goal and Research Questions Now, in view of the stated points, we, as Muslims with a 1400-year-old civilization, are faced with important questions regarding democracy and the formation of a democratic government, the way we respond to which affects most dimensions of our religious, cultural, economic, and political life and determines the nature of our relations with other nations of the world; questions such as: Is Islam fundamentally in favor of democracy?
Therefore, it seems that Western democracy, in its maximalist form which was expanded by modernism and the Enlightenment movement, has several philosophical and fundamental problems: First, in this perception which is based on humanism, man replaces God, such that all matters, including the right to sovereignty over political and social destiny, are in the hands of man himself; while the creaturely nature, limitation, mortality, and the human need for God are neglected.
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