چکیده:
Research on the history of political jurisprudence is possible through various approaches. Centering political and social transformations in the history of political jurisprudence is the chosen approach of this research. Based on this approach, the history of political jurisprudence is divided into four evolutionary stages: formation, codification, stabilization, and realization. In the formation period, we witness the jurisprudential foundations of 'Fiqh al-Nabi' (Jurisprudence of the Prophet), 'Fiqh al-Khilafa' (Jurisprudence of the Caliphate), and 'Fiqh al-Imama' (Jurisprudence of the Imamate). The most important feature of the codification period is the identity-building actions of Shia scholars in compiling books and preserving the Shia heritage, and the dominant function of political jurisprudence in this period is the 'political proposition.' The stabilization period is the period when Shia political jurisprudence moves from the margins to the text of political transformations. The entry of the jurisprudential current, its social influence, and finally the confrontation of this current with the monarchy model, transforms the function of political jurisprudence from a political proposition to a 'political theory.' In the fourth period, political jurisprudence exits the realm of theory and enters the realm of the 'political system.' In this model, the jurist moves from the text of transformations to the apex of the political power pyramid.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The most important characteristic of the codification stage is the identity-related actions of Shia scholars in compiling books and preserving the Shiite heritage, and the dominant function of political jurisprudence in this period is the "political proposition.
Subsequently, the presence of "Muhaqqiq Karaki" in the Safavid government apparatus, the writing of the book "Jami al-Maqasid," and the introduction of some political discussions into Shia jurisprudence, such as limits (hudud), authorities (ikhtiyarat), land tax (kharaj), etc.
The fourth school in pre-revolutionary jurisprudence, based on this approach, was the era of the renewed jurists, which began with the emergence of "Ayatollah Wahid Behbani" in the late twelfth century and was continued and strengthened by the late "Sahib al-Jawahir," "Mulla Mahdi and Mulla Ahmad Naraqi," and after them "Sheikh Ansari," and continues to this day.
Based on this, the Islamic Revolution is the result of the struggles of the Imams, the mujahid jurists and scholars, and the Shiite community throughout the different historical periods of the political life of Shiism.
The formation of the Shiite government of the Sarbadars in the eighth century and the efforts of this movement to realize the principles of Fiqh al-Imamah led "Shams al-Din Muhammad Avi," as one of the close associates of "Sultan Ali bin Muayyad Sarbadar" ١٤, to request the contemporary jurist, "Muhammad bin Makki" ١٥, known as Shahid al-Awwal, to author a jurisprudential book so that this book would be a reference for jurisprudential and governmental rulings.
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