Hearing loss and comorbid problems مقالة

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Another definition of additional problems, from Gallaudet University1, is any behavioral, emotional, mental, or physical disorder that significantly increases the complexity (difficulty) of educating hearing-impaired students (Gentile and McCarthy, 1973)2. Reham and Morton3 (1999) reported that approximately 70 percent of deaf individuals are non-syndromic and usually do not show additional problems in initial clinical hearing assessments. However, it is important to be aware that in any individual, with or without a syndromic etiology, additional problems may coexist with deafness by chance, just as someone with osteoarthritis may also have a learning disability without any relationship between them. In Usher syndrome, hearing-visual anomalies are the primary problems, to which mild developmental delays may be added in some cases, and it is associated with depression and bipolar affective disorder18 at a higher rate than the general population (Tamayo et al. In other cases where the children's problems cannot be described solely by deafness, these children may have additional specific language or learning needs, dyspraxia28 problems, or behavioral-emotional problems. Learning An important issue to consider regarding the relationship between developmental delay or intellectual disability and deafness is that the consequence of combining these factors in an individual leads to vulnerability to developmental behavioral problems and mental illnesses (Crawley, 2001)42. It has been determined that most behavioral problems of deaf children in the early years are related to delays in language acquisition. Given the communication needs and additional problems, is there a difference in the upbringing of deaf children? A higher prevalence of behavioral and emotional problems has been identified in the siblings of deaf and hearing-impaired children (Dunn and McGuigan, 1992)50.