Abstract:
Proverbs are particular types of discourse that function similar to phrases and despite of polylexicality، they possess certain rigidity where the concept، semantically، is stable and has been restructured. However، the most remarkable and considerable aspect is that how proverbs produce the time of experience once addressee listen or read them? And how proverbs create different temporal conditions? Since the process of statement is dynamic and dynamism inevitably has a temporal dimension، how addressee of proverbs، in this interaction، arrives at a new situation? To respond to the above research questions، the current paper has used the semiotic-semantic approach that was propounded by semioticians of the Paris School as «Temporality in Discourses». Relying on this approach as well as using philosophical phenomenology، the temporal system in proverbs would be analyzed. The research intends to show as how addressee of proverbs could transform from the existing stage of suspension to the stage of connection that is an agent of the experience and similarly reaches to the consciousness level so that he could understand the moment. Finally، how the grammatical time where speeches are in «present form» intervenes this process.
Machine summary:
Analysis of Time and Temporal Indices in Proverbs with a Semio-Semantic Approach: A Case Study of the Persian Language * Marzieh Athari Nikkazm Assistant Professor of French Language and Literature, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Received: 2014/01/28 Accepted: 2014/04/12 Abstract Proverbs are a specific type of discourse that function like idioms; despite the abundance of words, a fixed semantic unit has emerged within them, such that their meaning is semantically unchangeable and predetermined.
The method we have employed is the semiotic-semantic approach of the last two decades, which relies on the philosophy of phenomenology and differs from the purely structural methods of the seventies, such as Greimas; because, for example, when it is said "One flower does not make spring" Une hirondelle ne fait pas le printemps, or "A snake-bitten person is afraid of black and white thread", craint l'eau froide chaude, we are not first dealing with language as an abstract system of signs, but rather with discourse, which is the objective realization of language and perceivable phenomena; second, the intended meaning here is not Signification, but rather the concept of Sens is important, and abstract sentences are not important, but rather actual utterances and performances are important, which create independent meaningful units.
As stated in the introduction to the culture of French proverbs and idioms: "These sayings possess a wise content and have an inherent power that links them to myths; they have a form that raises their social capacity, and there is a concept hidden within them that remains in memory, and the wisdom inherent in it expresses an enlightened or moral truth" (Chantreau & Rey, et al.
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