Abstract:
The age of enlightenment is a turning point in the movements of Neo-Classicism toward Romanticism. This period emerges after preparing the ground for the decline of neoclassicism in the first half of the eighteenth century in the areas of art, literature, etc. in Europe. It is considered as the beginning of a period of art and literature consisting of artistic creativity and intuitive perception. Three main principles of "unity of time", "unity of place", and "unity of subject" based on which the classical literature was founded become subject to change and transformation. England, Germany, and France were the primary manifestation points of this movement in European literature. Although the role of the literature of ancient east in the foundations of the characteristics of "Romanticism" and pre-romanticism cannot be overlooked, the social grounds of the emergence of this age can be summarized in the longings for change of society, getting tired of old criteria in the fields of art and literature, tendency toward platonic thoughts, and escape from modernity and inclination toward logical thoughts in the works of "Kant" and "Rousseau".
Machine summary:
Keywords: Enlightenment, Romanticism, Art, Social, Literature, Neo-Classicism Introduction After paving the way for the decline of Neo-Classicism in the first half of the eighteenth century, the age of domination of wisdom and thought, and rigid inflexible system is being replaced by a new period with characteristics different from those of the past.
Amirkabir publication,first edition, 1372, page 75 19 The history of the world literature, volume II, page 1020 What should be considered in this paper is the role of ancient culture of India, Iran, and Arab in strengthening the foundations of Romanticism.
35 / 27 Literary schools, volume I, page 161 28 Romanticism trend in Europe, page 160 29 Glossary of the art of poetry, Ketabe mahnaz publication second edition 1376 page 113, Mir Sadeghi, M.
30 Romanticism, its principles and influences in Iran contemporary poetry, page 215 31 Glossary of the art of poetry, page 76 32 Literary schools’ volume I, page 161 33 Romanticism trend in Europe page 277 34 Ibid page 161 35 Ibid page 164 Lilian Furst argues that in the eighteenth century a group of continuous tendencies and changes happened that had deep multilateral effects: decline of neo-classicism (Rousseau, Young, Mac Pherson, Bernardin de saint Piere were the pioneers of this school) led to uncertainty of enlightenment, and this condition gradually prepared a proper field for penetration and development of new attitudes which became epidemic in the second half of the century.