Abstract:
This study tries to examine the syntactic characteristics of imperative structures with figurative meaning in the Russian language and the manner of their translation and description in Persian. Grammatical forms in the Russian language، apart from their original meaning، can also be applied in auxiliary and figurative meanings. The imperative mood in this language is not exempted from this rule. The original meaning of imperative mood predicates to an action that has been requested i.e. when a person commands someone to do an action. The imperative mood in the Russian language، with giving away its original meaning، is applied for expressing various grammatical meanings such as action conditions، necessity، possibility to perform an action، unexpected action and so on. This research is aimed at finding an answer to this question، that whether such structures with figurative meanings have special syntactic characteristics، compared to the structures with direct meaning، and is there any relationship between direct and figurative meanings in these structures? In this article، we will analyze 11 most important figurative meanings of imperative constructions in the Russian language، embedded in more than 60 examples، and will study the most common methods of their translation into the Persian language. Analyzing the syntactic and grammatical characteristics of imperative constructions with figurative meaning in the Russian language and various methods of their translation into Persian، due to fundamental syntactic and structural differences of basic and target languages are the most important aims of this study
Machine summary:
In the Russian language, the imperative mood is used to express secondary and metaphorical meanings by losing its original meaning, such as a condition for performing an action, obligation, possibility of performing an action, unexpectedness of an action, etc.
In the present research, we examine 11 of the most important metaphorical meanings of the Russian imperative verb through more than 60 examples and the method of expression, translation, and providing their equivalents in the Persian language.
The investigation and analysis of the syntactic and grammatical characteristics of imperative structures with metaphorical meanings and how to transfer and translate these Russian verbs into Persian, due to the fundamental syntactic and structural differences between the source and target languages, are considered among the important goals of this research.
In all these works, only the original concepts of the imperative mood have been addressed, and so far in Iran, regarding 2 3желание долженствование 4 возможность 5 ирреальность metaphorical meanings of the imperative from Russian to Persian, no independent research, book, or article has been presented.
In Persian, unlike Russian, the imperative verb cannot denote the necessity of performing an action, and to express the concept of obligation in Persian, the subjunctive mood is used; therefore, as we also see in the translation, we must usually use the phrase "must + present subjunctive" to transfer the above concept into Persian.
These sentences in the Russian language are synonymous with sentences in which the concept of the necessity of performing an action is expressed with the words должен, нужно, надо, and the use of the imperative verb with the above meaning is very common in proverbs (Slesareva, 2009: 585).
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