چکیده:
The purpose of this study was exploring the development process of organizational fotorism in public sector. The study is practical regarding to its purpose and in terms of data collection is survey descriptive. In this regard, after reviewing the literature and identifying components explanting the phenomenon of interest the matrix questionnaire including mentioned components was developed and distributed among 15 management professors whom selected as experts using concept sampling method. In order to data analysis the causal network among components and their levels were discovered and represented in the framework of interpretive structural modelling (ISM) approach. Findings showed that the toxic context of organization through effecting on no satisfied needs of organization members in three levels (1. individual and managerial level, 2. Interpersonal level, and 3. Organizational and physical sources level) is the as the most basic stimuli for tendency to savior in organization. Through interaction of non-satisfied needs of organization members and their perception about savior existence that is in its turn a function of existence of competent reformers, the frustration-hope dialectic will be produced through which causes active expectation of savior advent. Such an expectation causes integration among fotorists and selecting a leader as a petty savior and in a higher level causes fotorists’ material and spiritual promotion and their exemplification in organization.
خلاصه ماشینی:
, 2002: 375) and since hope is the product of expectation and agency1 and manifests in the form of optimism (Peterson, 2000), hopefuls look forward to a brighter future for the organization that can be realized by an organizational reformer, in the position of a powerful and savior leader, to establish order in the organization and meet the needs of followers (Robertson & O'Brien, 2009: 3).
Statement of the Problem A review of the development of leadership theories in management, from trait theories (such as Geier 1967) to behavioral (such as Mouton & Blake 1964) and contingency (such as Fiedler 1967) theories, shows that the prevailing norm of these theories is to view leaders from a positive perspective and as organizational reformers (Higgs, 2009).
inspirational Transformational leadership 1, ethical 2, spiritual 3, servant 4, authentic 5, visionary 6, resonant 7, agile 8, and resilient 9, which are inscribed on the foreheads of these theories and represent a specific model of reformist leaders for improving the situation of organizations, are evidence of this claim.
After identifying the components indicative of organizational saviorism from the research background (Table 1), a questionnaire appropriate for interpretive structural modeling was developed to investigate the hierarchical causal relationship network among them and was provided to a group of management professors as knowledgeable experts who had a scholarly understanding of the phenomenon under study.
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