چکیده:
Depuis sa première apparition jusqu’à nos jours, la représentation littéraire de la ville iranienne a connu une évolution considérable. Elle s’éloigne de la conception traditionnelle polarisant la ville en utopie et dystopie et se penche sur une interprétation postmoderne considérant la ville comme un espace-temps polyphone. Dans ce sens, le devenir des espaces urbains est particulièrement important dans la mesure où il configure le devenir socioculturel de certains discours courants dans la société iranienne. A travers trois oeuvres persanes, Tel qu’il était, Couleur de corbeau et Grande Route, qui présentent des exemples parlants de la convergence des devenirs spatio-temporel et socioculturel, nous nous proposons, dans la présente recherche, d’étudier la question de spatialisation des discours sociaux. Pour ce faire, nous adopterons la géocritique en tant que cadre méthodologique et nous tenterons de répondre à quelques questions fondamentales qui mettent en relief différents aspects de la problématique : En quel sens le corpus choisi propose-t-il une nouvelle interprétation de la dichotomie « centre-ville/périphérie » ? Comment la pluralité des espaces urbains peut-il traduire le positionnement social de différentes générations iraniennes ? Et enfin, comment la ville fictionnelle laisse-t-elle son impact sur la ville réelle et parvient-elle à déplacer les frontières imposées par la réalité sociale ?
فرضیه عقده ادیپ که اولین بار توسط فروید در تحلیل های روانشناختی مطرح شد، تصویری جهانی از میل ناخوداگاه کودکان نسبت به والدین جنس مخالف خود می باشد که بعدها توسط ژاک لاکان مجددا با مفهوم "ساختار خویشتن" به کار گرفته شد. هدف لاکان از عنوان کردن مسيله ساختار "خویشتن" نشان دادن رابطه میان سه عنصر اصلی در تحلیل روانشناختی به شیوه ی خود بود، به عبارت دیگر او می خواست رابطه میان مادر، فرزند و کمبود را مطرح و بررسی نماید که تصور می کرد پایه و اساس ساختار « "من" اجتماعی فرد است. در تحقیق حاضر، بر ان شدیم تا با رویکرد نقد روانشناختی به شیوه ی ژاک لاکان به عنوان چارچوبه کار خود، به بررسی برخی اثار املی نوتومب، نویسنده بلژیکی فرانسوی زبان پرداخته و فرضیه عقده ادیپ و عقده های خانوادگی را در سه اثر او، " قلبت را به تپش وادار"، " پدرکشی" و "نام های بی جنسیت" بیابیم. تصوبر پدران مستبد، مادران ساده لوح، استقاده ابزاری از کودکان، میل به جانشینی پدر و تصاحب مادر نزد فرزندان، نشانه هایی از عقده ادیپ بوده و بر هدف نگارنده در به تصویر کشیدن ساختار "من" سوژه در جامعه مدرن گواهی می دهند.
Amelie Nothomb is a belgian, french language writher, who spent her childhood
in Japan, due to her father’s job. She is so much attracted by this country that you can see its effects
form the narrative space of many of her writings. Her novels are usually short, exciting, full of positive
energy, and with good Sense of humor is wich bolds identity, relationships among human beings, death
and fame which is the specific identity of this female writher.
Officially Amelie Nothomb entered in literature in 1992 with a novel called Hygiene and the assassin,
and ever since she has published a novel every year. Some of them has been translated into many
languages. The fact that Amelie Nothomb’s novels are short, strange and unusual, they have been among
best sellers and very popular.
Since many of Amelie Nothomb’s books are her life story with some fantasies, the readers can easily
find informations about Amelie Nothomb’s childhood, her good and bad experiences.
Even if she uses some fantasy, what helps the readers of her novels is the similarities between them
and the writer is the usage of first person singular pronoun throughout the novels which leads the reader
into the internal portion of the writer. This methodology makes characters of the Nothomb novels
represent the true life story of her. Such delicate methodology in presentation gives Amelie Nothomb
the opportunity to share her experiences with the readers and in doing so, she shows herself to be similar
to them.
Another property in Nothomb’s novels is the observation and interpretations of the modern society
and daily problems which are put into the novels.
Other than identity search in some of the novels by this writer is family relationships specifically the
relationship between children, mother and father.
In addition to the issue of identity search, what can be seen in reading some of this author's novels are family relationships, which raises the question in the reader's mind, what is the reason for the repetition of such themes. How Notoomb portrays family relationships in her novels? Are the complications raised in the relationship between children and parents a sign of the author's problematic childhood or adolescence? Can it be considered an example of the hypothesis of the Oedipus complex that has been proposed in the conventional way? How do the faces of mother and father appear in Notomb's works? In order to find the answers to such questions that occupy the reader's mind, we decided to analyze some works of Amelie Notomb, a French-speaking Belgian writer, with an analytical view and with the approach of psychological criticism in the style of Jacques Lacan as the framework of our work. And find the hypothesis of Oedipus complex and family complex in his three works: “Strike your heart”,” Tuer le pere”, “Les Prenoms epicenes”
The Oedipus complex hypothesis, which was first proposed by Freud in psychological analysis, is a universal image of children's unconscious desire for parents of the opposite sex, which was later re-used by Jacques Lacan with the concept of self-structure. Lacan's purpose of stating the problem of the “structure of the self” was to show the relationship between the three main elements in psychological analysis in his own way, in other words, he wanted to raise and examine the relationship between mother, child and lack, which he thought was the foundation of the structure the social "self" is the individual.
In the present analysis, we first discussed the narrative style and modern writing style of Amelie Notomb, which is often written in the style of amazing and mythological stories. Then we examined the myth of Oedipus, the hypothesis of the Oedipus complex and its meaning from a psychological point of view based on Lacan's hypothesis, and we analyzed how it appeared in the characters of the story in the works selected for this research. The image of tyrannical fathers, naive mothers, the use of children as tools, the desire to replace the father and take possession of the mother by the children are signs of the Oedipus complex and testify to the author's purpose in depicting the structure of the subject's "self" in modern society.